Journal of Conservation Science (보존과학회지)

The Korean Society Of Conservation Science For Cultural Heritage (한국문화재보존과학회)
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Monitoring the Change of Physical Properties of Traditional Dancheong Pigments

전통 단청안료 표면의 물리적 특성 변화 모니터링

  • Kim, Ji Sun (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Jeong, Hye Young (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Byun, Doo-Jin (Reliability Assessment Center for Chemical Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Yoo, Min Jae (Reliability Assessment Center for Chemical Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Kim, Myoung Nam (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Sun Myung (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
  • 김지선 (국립문화재연구소 복원기술연구실) ;
  • 정혜영 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 변두진 (한국화학연구원 신뢰성평가센터) ;
  • 유민재 (한국화학연구원 신뢰성평가센터) ;
  • 김명남 (국립문화재연구소 복원기술연구실) ;
  • 이선명 (국립문화재연구소 복원기술연구실)
  • Received : 2020.11.06
  • Accepted : 2020.12.02
  • Published : 2020.12.29
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Abstract

This study aimed to assess the performance and life of nine natural mineral dancheong pigments: Seokganju, Jinsa, Hwangto, Jahwang, Wunghwang, Seokrok, Noerok, Seokcheong, and Baekto. The design of the accelerated weathering test considered the domestic climate characteristics and the location of Dancheong. Outdoor weathering tests were conducted at the Research Institute in Daejeon and the Sungnyemun Gate in Seoul to confirm the field reproducibility of the accelerated weathering test. Monitoring of the physical changes in pigments through accelerated and outdoor weathering tests are based on ultraviolet exposure dose. Despite small cracks at the beginning of the tests, the monitoring showed that Seokganju and Baekto had no marked physical changes, but the surface cracks of Jinsa and Seorok continue to expand. Hwangto and Noerok were marked with water or were resin stained, and the particles of Jahwang, Wunghwang, and Seokcheong had lost their luster. Despite the absolute difference in color change in each test, the final chromaticity change patterns of pigments were similar in that the color difference between Baekto and Noerok was below five, and Jina was above 28. The physical and surface color pigment changes were more concentrated in outdoor weathering tests than in accelerated tests, and the Seoul site was more intense than the Daejeon site. This is because outdoor weathering tests are exposed to severe variations of temperature and moisture or deposition of dust particles and, in the case of Seoul, the site is more exposed to the external environment than the Daejeon site.

석간주, 진사, 황토, 자황, 웅황, 석록, 뇌록, 석청 및 백토 등 천연 무기안료 9종의 성능과 수명을 평가하고자 실내 촉진내후성과 옥외폭로 시험을 수행하였다. 실내 촉진내후성 시험법은 국내 기후 특성 및 단청의 위치 환경을 반영하여 설계하였고 필드 재현성을 확인하기 위해 서울 숭례문과 대전 연구소 등 2개소에서 옥외폭로 시험을 병행하였다. 또한 누적 자외선량을 기준으로 안료 표면의 물리적 특성 변화를 모니터링하였다. 이 결과, 석간주와 백토는 초기에 미세균열이 발생하지만 안정화된 반면 진사와 석록은 균열이 지속적으로 확대되었다. 황토와 뇌록은 수분 및 송진에 의한 얼룩이 두드러졌고 자황, 웅황 및 석청은 입자의 광택 저하가 나타났다. 각 시험별 안료의 색 변화는 절대적인 수치 차이가 있을 뿐 색도 변화 양상은 유사하였다. 백토와 뇌록의 색차(𝚫E) 값이 5 이하로 가장 작고 진사는 28 이상으로 컸다. 안료 표면의 물리적 변화는 실내 촉진내후성 시험보다는 옥외폭로 시험이, 옥외폭로 시험에서는 대전 연구소보다 서울 숭례문에서 가중되었다. 이는 옥외폭로 시험이 큰 폭의 온·습도 변화, 분진 침적에 따른 오염 등 다양한 환경에 노출되고, 특히 서울 숭례문은 총 누적 자외선량(334 MJ/m2)에 도달하는 데까지 오랜 시간이 소요되어 노출 기간이 장기화되었기 때문이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 문화재청 국립문화재연구소 문화유산 조사 연구(R&D)사업의 일환으로 이루어졌다.

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