Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
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Impacts of stream water quality and fish histopathology by effluents of wastewater treatment plant

하수종말처리장 배출수에 의한 하천 수질 특성 및 어류의 조직병리학적 영향

  • Kim, Hye-Jin (Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • An, Kwang-Guk (Department of Biological Science, Chungnam National University)
  • 김혜진 (충남대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 안광국 (충남대학교 생물과학과)
  • Received : 2020.10.30
  • Accepted : 2020.12.24
  • Published : 2020.12.31
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Abstract

In this study, the histological changes of Zacco platypus exposed to discharge from a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP), which is a point source, for a long time (2 to 3 years) were compared to the same species at a reference site (Ref.). Overall, tissues displayed various lesions in samples obtained at the point where discharge water from the point source was mixed. In the skin tissue, mucus cells from the epithelial layer expanded to the multilayered epithelium, indicating the immune system was activated. Epithelial cell detachment and proliferation were most prominent in the gills, which may have adversely affected circulation and respiration. Our data suggest immune system collapse was due to stimulation by aquatic substances. Both the fish phase analysis and the water quality analysis demonstrated depreciated conditions at the point source as compared to the reference stream, supporting the histological health evaluation results. These data together suggest a histological approach can also be used to assess water quality, and to an even higher degree when combined with other existing methods. Given the presented evaluation, improvement in the water quality of water discharged from WTP's is required.

본 연구는 점오염원인 하수종말처리장으로부터 배출되는 물의 수질을 분석하고 배출수의 영향을 받는 어류 중 지점들에서 공통적으로 출현하는 어종인 피라미(Z. platypus)를 선택하여 조직학적 변화를 참조하천 지점의 수질과 어류 조직을 비교·분석하였다. 2019년 6월 27~28일 하수종말처리장 4곳(대전, 전주, 청주, 익산)의 채집 결과, 참조하천에서 22종 450개체로 가장 많은 종 수 및 개체수가 확인되었다. 지점별로 5개체씩 2~3년생 피라미의 조직표본을 제작하여 아가미와 근육조직(피부조직)을 관찰한 결과, 참조하천을 제외한 나머지 지점의 조직은 병리적인 양상을 나타내었다. 수질분석 결과, 각 WTP에서는 배출수질 기준을 준수 혹은 더 좋은 수질로 방류하고 있었다. 그러나 하수종말처리수 배출수 및 방류수계 수질에서 오염도지표를 나타내는 항목인 BOD, COD, TP, TN, SS 값이 참조하천에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 빈약한 어류상과 바이오마커로 이용된 종의 조직병리학적 상태는 참조하천에 비해 낮은 수질에서 기인한 것으로 추측되며, 따라서 원인이 되는 하수종말처리장 배출수 수질개선이 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 환경부의 재원으로 한국환경산업기술원의 생활화학제품 안전관리 기술개발사업의 지원을 받아 연구되었습니다(2020002970007, NTIS1485017188).

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