Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology (한국응용과학기술학회지)

The Korean Society of Applied Science and Technology (한국응용과학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of 24-week Swimming Program on the Health Related Physical Fitness, Stress Hormones and Immune Functions in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

24주간의 수영프로그램이 성인 지적장애인의 건강체력, 스트레스 호르몬 및 면역기능에 미치는 영향

  • Park, Chan-Ho (Department of Leisure & Sports, Dongeui University) ;
  • Bae, Hye-Young (Department of Physical Education, Changwon National University) ;
  • Cheon, Ji-Un (Department of Leisure & Sports, Dongeui University)
  • 박찬호 (동의대학교 레저스포츠학과) ;
  • 배혜영 (창원대학교 체육학과) ;
  • 천지언 (동의대학교 레저스포츠학과)
  • Received : 2020.05.07
  • Accepted : 2020.06.28
  • Published : 2020.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of health-related indicators according to the participation of swimming program by adults with intellectual disabilities(ID). To this end, 20 adults with IDs, aged 20-39 living in Busna, were selected. Participants divided into two groups: swimming program participation(n=10) and non-participation(n=10). Data were collected by measuring the subjects health-related physical fitness, stress hormones, and immune function and data analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0, paired t-test, independent t-test and two-way ANOVA. As a result, muscle strength(p<.001), muscular endurance(p<.001), flexibility(p<.001), cardiovascular endurance(p<.01) improvement of exercise group significantly but there was no significant difference in the control group. The stress hormone cortisol(p<.01) was significantly decreased in the exercise group and there was no significant difference in the control group. The immunoglobulins, IgA(p<.05), IgG(p<.001), IgM(p<.05) were significantly increased in the exercise group, but not significantly different in the control group. Therefore, regular swimming program can be said to be a very effective exercise program for improving the physical fitness of adults with IDs, and it is thought that it can reduce stress and help improve immune function. This suggests the need for active physical activity program development and intervention to maintain the health of adults with IDs and prevent chronic diseases.

본 연구는 성인 지적장애인의 수영프로그램 참여에 따른 건강관련 지표들의 특징을 규명하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해, 부산지역에 거주하고 있는 20-39세 사이의 성인 지적장애인 20명을 선정하였으며, 수영프로그램에 참여한 운동군 10명과 동일한 기간 특별한 신체활동에 참여하지 않고 일상적인 생활을 해 온 통제군 10명의 두 집단으로 분류하였다. 대상자들의 건강체력, 스트레스 호르몬 및 면역기능을 측정하여 자료를 수집하였으며, 자료분석은 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 대응 t-test, 독립 t-test 및 two-way ANOVA를 실시하였다. 그 결과 운동군에서 근력(p<.001), 근지구력(p<.001), 유연성(p<.001), 심폐지구력(p<.01) 향상에 유의한 차이가 있었고, 통제군은 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 스트레스 호르몬인 코티졸(p<.01)은 운동군에서 유의하게 감소하였고, 통제군에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 면역글로블린인 IgA(p<.05), IgG(p<.001), IgM(p<.05)은 운동군에서 유의한 증가가 있었고, 통제군에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 규칙적인 수영프로그램은 성인 지적장애인의 건강체력 향상에 매우 효과적인 운동프로그램이라 할 수 있으며, 스트레스를 감소시키고 면역기능 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있음을 보여주는 결과로, 향후 성인 지적장애인들의 건강유지와 만성질환 예방을 위해 적극적인 신체활동 프로그램 개발과 중재의 필요성을 시사한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Statistical Office, "2014 Disability Survey" : Disabled registration, Statistical Office, (2014).
  2. M. Chae, "A Study on the Educational Approach to Music Therapy of Youth with Disabilities", Korean Journal of Music Therapy, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 83-92, (2008).
  3. A. Y. Cho, "A study on the cases of participation attitude and emotional purification depending on the physical activity program participation of the mentally handicapped children", Hanshin University, (2011).
  4. M. S. Kim, "A comparison of a degree of obesity of a mentally handicapped student by residence and a degree of a handicap", Yongin University, (2001).
  5. B. J. Cho, H. G. Park, J. K. Jun, D. S. Yeoum, D. S. Han, H. Y. Jang, S. K. Lee, "Effects of Combined Exercise Program for 20 Weeks on the Body Composition and Physical Fitness of Adults with Mental Retardation", Journal of Adapted Physical Activity and Exercise, Vol.12, No.3, pp. 55-62, (2004).
  6. B. J. Lee, "Parental Values and Concerns about Physical Activity Participation by Persons with Mental Disorder", Journal of Adapted Physical Activity and Exercise, Vol.13, No.4, pp. 35-47, (2005).
  7. H. J. Seok, "The Effect of the Taekwondo Program on Motor Skill of Children with Mental Retardation", The Korean Society of Sport Science, Vol.16, No.3, pp. 655-662, (2007).
  8. K. H. Pitetti, B. Fernhall, "Comparing Run Performance of Adolescents With Mental Retardation, With and Without Down Syndrome", Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, Vol.21, No.3, pp. 219-228, (2001).
  9. D. Chaiwanichsiri, S. Sanguanrungsirikul, W. Suwannakul, "Poor Physical Fitness of Adolescents with Mental Retardation at Rajanukul School, Bangkok" Journal-Medical Association of Thailand, Vol.83, No.11, pp. 1387-1392, (2000).
  10. R. V. Croce, M. Horvat, K. H. Pitetti, "From the Field - Prediction of dynamic strength in individuals with mental retardation", Clinical Kinesiology, Vol.52, No.4, pp. 79-86, (1998).
  11. E. Carmeli, T. Bar-Yossef, C. Ariav, R. Levy, D. G. Liebermann, "Perceptualmotor coordination in persons with mild intellectual disability", Disability and Rehabilitation, Vol. 30, No.5, pp. 323-329, (2008). https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280701265398
  12. G. Wheeler, D. Cumming, R. Burnham, I. Maclean, D. Sloley, Y. Bhambhani, R. Steadward, "Testosterone, cortisol and catecholamine responses to exercise stress and autonomic dysreflexia in elite quadriplegic athletes" Paraplegia, Vol.302, No.5, pp. 292-299, (1994).
  13. C. C. Draheim, D. P. Williams, J. A. McCubbin, "Prevalence of physical inactivity and recommended phusical activity in community-Based adults with mental retardation", Mental Retardation, Vol.40, No.6, pp. 439-444, (2002).
  14. D. l'Allemand, U. Eiholzer, M. Schlumpf, T. Torresani, J. Girard, "Carbohydrate Metabolism is Not Impaired after 3 Years of Growth Hormone Therapy in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome", Hormone Research in Paediatrics, Vol.59, No.5, pp. 239-248, (2003). https://doi.org/10.1159/000070224
  15. C. K. Lee, K. S. Hyun, B. S. Park, "Small group Exercise on Physical Fitness and Social Adaptive Behavior of the Mentally Retarded Children", Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, No.22, pp. 759-776, (2004).
  16. D. I. Yang, "Comparison of Physical Activity and Health-Related Physical fitness in Adult with and without Intellectual Disability", DanKook University, (2009).
  17. M. K. Han, D. M. Kim, Y. K. Jang, "The Influence of the Underwater Exercise on Physical Strength of Mentally Retarded Children", Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 77-91, (2009).
  18. S. M. Yun, "The Effect of Regular Aquatic Program on Health Related Physical Fitness in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities", Korean Journal of Adapted Physical Activity, Vol.24, No.1, pp. 77-97, (2016).
  19. D. J. Oh, "The Comparison of Health-related Physical Fitness between Normal and Mentally Retarded Adults" Journal of Adapted Physical Activity & Exercise, Vol.11, No.1, pp. 251-258, (2003).
  20. K. Y. Bae, S. S. Kim, "A Study on the Effect of Walking Exercise Programs on the Physical Strength Improvement of Mentally Retarded Students", Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, Vol.37, No.1, pp. 523-531, (2010).
  21. B. I. Min, "The Effects of Running Exercise on Basic Fitness, Neurotransmitter and Stress Hormone in Youth with Mental Retardation", Korean Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation , Vol.8, No.3, pp. 149-159, (2012).
  22. S. T. Yoon, B. H. Park, "The Impact Horse Riding Exercise Program has on Adults with Intellectual Disability in Physical, Psychology factors, Social factors of Disabled", Journal of Adapted Physical Activity, Vol.21, No.1, pp. 81-95, (2013).
  23. J. H. Yang, K. C. Jeong, "Effects of Psychomotricity Under Water Activities on Self Expressions of Adults with Intellectual Disability", The Journal of the Korean Association on Developmental Disabilities, Vol.24, No.1, pp. 121-138, (2020).
  24. H. N. Yang, H. J. Kwon, "A Case Study of a Daily Gymnastic Activity for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities in a Day-Care Center", Journal of Korean Association of Physical Education and Sport for Girls and Women, Vol.32, No.4, pp. 203-215, (2018). https://doi.org/10.16915/jkapesgw.2018.12.32.4.203
  25. G. T. Cho, W. J. Lee, J. H. Kim, "The Influence of the Elastic Band Exercise upon Physical Fitness, Hand Dexterity, Cortisol Levelof Men with Intellectual Disabilities", The Korea Journal of Sports Science, Vol.24, No.3, pp.1495-1511, (2015).
  26. J. H. Young, M. K. Han, "The Effect of Swimming Program on Health-Related Physical Fitness and Skill-Related Physical Fitness of Children with Developmental Disability", Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, Vol.12, No.4, pp.363-380, (2010).
  27. J. H. Kim, S. H. Han, D. J. Kim, "The Effect of Taekwondo Poomsae Training on Dopamine, Cortisol and Immunoglobulin A in Children with Intellectual Disabilities", Korean Journal of Sports Science, Vol.23, No.4, pp.1153-1163, (2014).
  28. M. Nikolova, V. Treneva, B. Peneva, "Adapted methodology for basic training in water sports for children with intellectual disabilities." Acta Kinesiologica, Vol.8, No.1, pp. 73-76, (2014).
  29. U. S. Kim, W. K. Lim, S. G. Choi, "Physical education for the disabled", Korea Welfare Society for the Disabled, pp. 108, (1992).
  30. C. H. Song, "Effect of resistive exercise program on body composition, blood lipid, and growth-related factors in children with mental retardation", Korean Journal of Adapted Physical Activity, Vol.20, No.2, pp. 41-56, (2013).
  31. S. J. Park, J. Y. Kim, "The Influence of 'Music Jump Rope Exercise' on The Problem Behaviors of High School Students with Intellectual Disabilities", Journal of motologie, Vol.1, No.2, pp. 19-38, (2015).
  32. H. C. Choi, B. J. Lee, "Effects of Core Exercise On Posture and Physical Fitness in Students with Intellectual Disabilities", Journal of adapted physical activity and exercise, Vol.24, No.4, pp. 1-12, (2016). https://doi.org/10.17006/kjapa.2016.24.4.1
  33. T. Y. Sim, "The Effect of Floorball Programs on the Exercise Performance Abilities and Heart Rate Variabilities of Students with Intellectual Disabilities", Journal of adapted physical activity and exercise, Vol.26, No.4, pp. 53-66, (2018).
  34. J. S. Park, Y. S. KWak, J. O. Yang, "Effects of the Upright Body Type Excercise-II on Foot Pressure and Static balance in Students with Mild Intellectual Disabilities", Korea Coaching Development Center, Vol.21, No.1, pp. 117-125, (2019).
  35. J. H. Moon, J. G. Kang, "The Effects of Circuit Training Program on Body Composition and Basic Physical Strength of Obese Students with Intellectual Disabilities", Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, Vol.17, No.2, pp. 93-108, (2015).
  36. E. H. Kim, S. H. Hong, "Effect of Rhythmic Movement Activities, Movement Activities on Intellectual disabilities", Journal of Korean Society for Rhythmic Exercises, Vol.9, No.1, pp. 7-17, (2016).
  37. Y. W. Kim, "The effects of Backward Walking Exercise on the Intellectually Disabled Students' Body Composition", The Journal of Korean Aerobic Exercise, Vol.16, No.1, pp. 29-37, (2018).
  38. E. K. Kim, H. R. Park, "The Effect of Combined Exercise Program on Health Fitness and Sociality of Obese Students with Intellectual Disability", Korean Journal of Physical Education, Vol.58, No.4, pp. 549-563, (2019). https://doi.org/10.23949/kjpe.2019.07.58.4.39
  39. National Special Education Center, "Comprehensive Report on Development of Health Fitness Assessment (PAPS-D) for Students with Disabilities", Hanilmmunhwasa, (2013).
  40. S. B. Lee, J. K. Kim, "The Effectiveness of the Water Play Program on the Social Skill Development for Children with Autistic Disorder", Emotional Disturbances & Learning Disabilities, Vol.14, No.2, pp. 119-138, (1997).
  41. S. M, Kim, "A Study of Change for an Autistic Chiles Stereotype Behaviors in Swimming Activities" Journal of adapted physical activity and exercise, Vol.6, No.1, pp. 69-80, (1998).
  42. Y. S. Han, "The Effect of Water Play Programs on the Self-Help Skills for Infants with Cerebral Palsy", Kongju University, (2000).
  43. J. W. Hong, "Physical Education Theory Implementation Program", Seoul : Hagmunsa, (1993).
  44. J. Y. Park, S. J. Kim, S. D. Chae, M. J. Sung, H. C. Kim, "Effects of Participation in a Swimming Program on Health-Related Physical Fitness and Self-Determination in Children with Intellectual Disabilities", Journal of adapted physical activity and exercise, Vol.19, No.3, pp. 17-32, (2011). https://doi.org/10.17006/kjapa.2011.19.3.17
  45. M. G. Kang, "Influences of a Swimming Program on the Physical Strength of Mentally Retarded Students", Kongju National University, (2004).
  46. M. Jones, R, Walley, A. Leech, M. Paterson, S. Common, C. Metcalf, "Behavioral and psychosocial outcomes of a 16-week rebound therapy-based exercise program for people with profound intellectual disabilities", Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, Vol.4, No.1, pp. 111-119, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-1130.2007.00108.x
  47. J. Y. Lee, Y. J. Kim, "Effect of 12 Weeks Swimming on Pulse Transmit Time and Inflammatory Factor and % Body Fat in Obese middle aged Women", Korean Journal of Sports Science, Vol.23, No.6, pp. 1201-1210, (2007).
  48. J. S. Hyun, "Effects of Swimming Exercise on Blood Leptin, Ghrelin, Superoxide Dismutase and Lipid Peroxidation in Obese Women", Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, Vol.0, No.49, pp. 899-907, (2012).
  49. D. H. Kuk, "Effects of aquatic exercise program on body composition and cardiovascular factors in elderly females", Korean Society for The Study of Physical Education, Vol.24, No.4, pp. 197-204, (2020). https://doi.org/10.15831/jksspe.2020.24.4.197
  50. Y. S. Oh. "Effect of Aquatic Exercise on Body composition and Blood Lipids on Elderly Women: Meta-Analysis", Korean Journal of Sports Science, Vol.28, No.5, pp. 843-855, (2019). https://doi.org/10.35159/kjss.2019.10.28.5.843
  51. S. B. Kim, M. S. Kim, "The Effects of Swimming Exercise on Body Composition, Physical Fitness and Isokinetic Leg Strength in Old-aged Women", Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, Vol.0, No.35, pp. 899-906, (2009).
  52. M. R. Ma, S. H. Park, H. S. Yoo, J. G. Kim, C. H. Lee, G. H. Kim, Y. Huh, J. H. Kim, "The Effects of a Walking Exercise on Blood Lipids and Stress Hormones", Korea sport research, Vol.16, No.5, pp. 11-20, (2005).
  53. J. M. Ahn, J. W. Ryu, J. K. Lee, Y. S. Lee, C. L. Yoon, Y. G. Cho, "Salivary cortisol in research of diseases related with stress An Overview", Oral Biology Research, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 113-120, (2007).
  54. W. P. Vanhelder, "Hormonal and metabolic response to three types of exercise of equal duration and external work output" Eur. J. Appl. Physiol, Vol.4, pp. 337-342. (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02337175
  55. H. S. Kim, "The Influence of integrative exercise on stress hormone among obese female high school students" Sungkyunkwan University, (2008).
  56. E. N. Marieb, "Human anatomy and physiology", Fourth edition, Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co. California, pp. 612-617, (1998).
  57. K. J. Ko, K. S. Shin, K. M. Oh, "The Effects on Immunoglobulins of Vitamin Complex Intake during Camp Training in University Rowers", Korea sport research, Vol.18, No.4, pp. 629-638, (2007).
  58. B. K. Pedersen, L. Hoffman-Goetz, "Exercise and the immune system: Regulation, integration, and adaptation", Physiological Reviews, Vol.80, No.3, pp. 1055-1081, (2000). https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1055
  59. M. R. Reid, P. D. Drummond, L. T. Mackinnon, "The effect of moderate aerobic exercise and relaxation on secretory immunoglobulin A", International Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol.22, No.2, pp. 132-137, (2001). https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-11347
  60. B. K. Park, "The Effect of 12-week Aerobic Exercise on Serum Hormone and Immune Function in the Mental Retarded Male Soccer Player", Yeungnam University, (2004).
  61. K. S. Kim, H. S. Ryu, Y. W. Kwon, "The Effect of Exercise Training Program on Blood Immunoglobulin Concentration of Males with Mental Retardation during Submaximal Exercise", Korean Journal of Sport Science, Vol.18, No.3, pp. 39-45, (2007). https://doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2007.18.3.39
  62. M. H. Kang, J. K. Lee, S. J. Ko, "The Effect of Moderate Aerobic Exercise on Immunoglobulin Concentration in Autistic Children", Korean Journal of Sports Science, Vol.17, No.4, pp. 1139-1148, (2008).
  63. L. T. Mackinnon, D. G. Jenkins, "Decreased salivary immuno globulins after intense interval exercise before and after training", Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol.25, No.6, pp. 141-149, (1993).

Cited by

  1. 성인 지적장애인들의 수영 프로그램 참여에 따른 자아효능감과 운동 몰입, 건강관련 삶의 질의 변화 vol.37, pp.5, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12925/jkocs.2020.37.5.1454