DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Economic evaluation of manual therapy for musculoskeletal diseases: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of evidence

근골격계 질환의 수기요법에 관한 경제성 평가: 체계적 문헌 고찰 및 근거 합성 연구

  • Kim, Chang-Gon (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang University) ;
  • Lee, Jin-Hyun (Institute for Integrative Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Ka-Na (Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung-Hee University) ;
  • Shin, Byung-Cheul (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woo-Suk University) ;
  • Ko, Youn-Suk (Third Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University) ;
  • Park, Tae-Yong (Institute for Integrative Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital) ;
  • Ha, Won-Bae (Imsil-Gun Health Care Center) ;
  • Lee, Jung-Han (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang University)
  • 김창곤 (원광대학교 한의과대학 한방재활의학과) ;
  • 이진현 (가톨릭관동대학교 국제성모병원 한의과) ;
  • 김가나 (경희대학교 한의과대학 한방신경정신과) ;
  • 신병철 (부산대학교 한의학전문대학원 한방재활의학과) ;
  • 고연석 (우석대학교 한의과대학 한방재활의학과) ;
  • 박태용 (가톨릭관동대학교 국제성모병원 한의과) ;
  • 하원배 (임실군보건의료원) ;
  • 이정한 (원광대학교 한의과대학 한방재활의학과)
  • Received : 2020.04.22
  • Accepted : 2020.06.01
  • Published : 2020.06.30

Abstract

연구 목적 : 본 연구는 근골격계 질환에 대한 수기치료가 갖는 경제적 효과를 체계적으로 평가해 보기 위해 시행되었다. 연구 방법 : 2017년 2월 2일까지 국내외 관련 문헌을 체계적으로 검색 하였으며, 연관된 체계적 고찰 논문의 참고문헌을 조사하였다. 두 명의 연구자가 독립적으로 문헌을 선택하고, 비뚤림 위험 평가 및 경제성 평가 질 평가, 자료 추출을 시행하였다. 연구 결과 : 총 3,327개의 논문을 검토하여 최종적으로 18개의 무작위 대조 연구가 포함되었다. 경제성 평가는 수기요법과 다른 치료방법간의 유효성 비교를 통해 시행되었다. 요부 통증, 견관절 통증 및 외측 상과염 치료에 있어 침치료, 견인치료, 주사치료, 일반의 치료, 척추 안정화 기법 및 통증관리 치료보다 비용 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 또한, 수기치료는 경항통, 흉통, 고관절염 혹은 슬관절염, 경추신경병증 및 수부손상 치료에 있어 일반적 치료, 물리치료, 자가 치료 프로그램, 견인 치료에 비하여 효과적인 치료인 것으로 확인되었다. 결론 : 18개의 논문 중 10개의 논문에서 근골격계 질환 치료에 있어 수기치료가 경제적으로 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 다른 치료방법에 비해 수기요법이 근골격계 질환에 있어서 경제적 가치가 있음을 시사하는 내용이다. 하지만, 근골격계 질환 수기치료의 경제성 평가에 대한 선행 연구는 전반적으로 부족한 실정으로, 보다 정확한 결과를 제시하고 정책결정을 위한 효과적인 제안을 위해서는 체계적인 추가 연구가 필요하다 사료되는 바이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Farrell JP, Jensen GM. Manual therapy: a critical assessment of role in the profession of physical therapy. Phys Ther. 1992;72(12):843-52. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/72.12.843
  2. DeStefano LA, Greenman PE. Greenman's principles of manual medicine. 4th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010.
  3. Tsertsvadze A, Clar C, Court R, Clarke A, Mistry H, Sutcliffe P. Costeffectiveness of manual therapy for the management of musculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of evidence from randomized controlled trials. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2014;37(6):343-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2014.05.001
  4. Bryans R, Decina P, Descarreaux M, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for the chiropractic treatment of adults with neck pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2014;37(1):42-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2013.08.010
  5. Globe GA, Morris CE, Whalen WM, Farabaugh RJ, Hawk C. Chiropractic management of low back disorders: report from a consensus process. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2008;31(9):651-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.10.006
  6. Bryans R, Descarreaux M, Duranleau M, et al. Evidence based guidelines for the chiropractic treatment of adults with headache. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2011;34(5):274-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2011.04.008
  7. Foster NE, Pincus T, Underwood MR, Vogel S, Breen A, Harding G. Understanding the process of care for musculoskeletal conditions--why a biomedical approach is inadequate. Rheumatology(Oxford). 2003;42(3):401-4.
  8. Girgis CM, Mokbel N, Digirolamo DJ. Therapies for musculoskeletal disease: can we treat two birds with one stone? Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2014;12(2):142-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-014-0204-5
  9. Furlan AD, Yazdi F, Tsertsvadze A, et al. A systematic review and metaanalysis of efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and safety of selected complementary and alternative medicine for neck and low-back pain. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:953139.
  10. Bronfort G, Haas M, Evans R, Leininger B, Triano J. Effectiveness of manual therapies: the UK evidence report. Chiropr Osteopat. 2010;18:3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1340-18-3
  11. Carnes D, Mars TS, Mullinger B, Froud R, Underwood M. Adverse events and manual therapy: a systematic review. Man Ther. 2010;15(4):355-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2009.12.006
  12. Carlesso LC, Gross AR, Santaguida PL, Burnie S, Voth S, Sadi J. Adverse events associated with the use of cervical manipulation and mobilization for the treatment of neck pain in adults: a systematic review. Man Ther. 2010;15(5):434-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2010.02.006
  13. Kim KB, Park TY, Lee JH, Long JC, Lee SK, Shin BC, Kwon YD, Song YS. Review on Efficacy and Safety of Manipulation Therapy including Chuna Manipulation. JORM. 2008;18(4):103-20.
  14. Jeon YT, Park SH, Han KI, Lee JH, Ko YS. Trends of Chuna Manual Therapy on Traffic Accident in Korea from 2005 to 2014. JORM. 2015;25(2):89-96.
  15. Kumar S, Beaton K, Hughes T. The effectiveness of massage therapy for the treatment of nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Int J Gen Med. 2013;6:733-41. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S50243
  16. Zhang Y, Chen P, Ke JL. Treating lumbar spinal stenosis using tuina and fumigating and washing: report of 112 cases. J Tradit Chin Med Zhejiang. 2010:838-9.
  17. Maund E, Craig D, Suekarran S, et al. Management of frozen shoulder: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Technol Assess. 2012;16(11):1-264. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta16110
  18. Indrakanti SS, Weber MH, Takemoto SK, Hu SS, Polly D, Berven SH. Valuebased care in the management of spinal disorders: a systematic review of costutility analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012;470(4):1106-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-011-2141-2
  19. Driessen MT, Lin CW, van Tulder MW. Cost-effectiveness of conservative treatments for neck pain: a systematic review on economic evaluations. Eur Spine J. 2012;21(8):1441-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-012-2272-5
  20. Furlan AD, Yazdi F, Tsertsvadze A, et al. Complementary and alternative therapies for back pain II. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 194. (Prepared by the University of Ottawa Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-2007-10059-I (EPCIII). AHRQ Publication No.(11) E007. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; October 2010.
  21. Dagenais S, Roffey DM, Wai EK, Haldeman S, Caro J. Can cost utility evaluations inform decision making about interventions for low back pain? Spine J. 2009;9(11):944-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2009.07.007
  22. Brown A, Angus D, Chen S, et al. Costs and outcomes of chiropractic treatment for low back pain [Technology report no 56). Ottawa: Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment; 2005.
  23. Stevans JM, Zodet MW. Clinical, demographic, and geographic determinants of variation in chiropractic episodes of care for adults using the 2005-2008 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. J Manipul-ative Physiol Ther. 2012;35(8):589-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2012.09.009
  24. Grieves B, Menke JM, Pursel KJ. Cost minimization analysis of low back pain claims data for chiropractic vs medicine in a managed care organization. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2009;32(9):734-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2009.10.001
  25. Haas M, Sharma R, Stano M. Costeffectiveness of medical and chiropractic care for acute and chronic low back pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2005;28(8):555-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2005.08.006
  26. Driessen MT, Lin CW, van Tulder MW. Cost-effectiveness of conservative treatments for neck pain: a systematic review on economic evaluations. Eur Spine J. 2012;21(8):1441-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-012-2272-5
  27. Korean Society of Chuna Manual Medicine for Spine & Nerves. Chuna manual medicine. 2nd ed. Korean Society of Chuna Manual Medicine for Spine & Nerves. 2014:6-14.
  28. Tang S, Qian X, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Treating low back pain resulted from lumbar degenerative instability using Chinese Tuina combined with core stability exercises: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2016;25:45-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2016.01.001
  29. Kim CG, Mun SJ, Kim KN, Shin BC, Kim NK, Lee DH, Lee JH. Economic evaluation of manual therapy for musculoskeletal diseases: a protocol for a systematic review and narrative synthesis of evidence. BMJ open. 2016;6(5):e010556. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010556
  30. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PloS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
  31. Korthals-de Bos I, van Tulder M, van Dieten H et al. Economic evaluations and randomized trials in spinal disorders: principles and methods. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004;29(4):442-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.BRS.0000102683.61791.80
  32. Furlan AD, Pennick V, Bombardier C, van Tulder M. 2009 updated method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Back Review Group. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;34(18):1929-41. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b1c99f
  33. Balk EM, Bonis PA, Moskowitz H, et al. Correlation of quality measures with estimates of treatment effect in metaanalyses of randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 2002;287(22):2973-82. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.22.2973
  34. Moher D, Pham B, Jones A, et al. Does quality of reports of randomised trials affect estimates of intervention efficacy reported in meta-analyses? Lancet 1998;352(9128):609-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)01085-X
  35. Drummond MF, Sculpher MJ, Torrance GW. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. 3rd ed. USA: Oxford University Press. 2005.
  36. Williams NH, Edwards RT, Linck P, et al. Cost-utility analysis of osteopathy in primary care: results from a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Fam Pract. 2004;21(6):643-50. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmh612
  37. Williams NH, Wilkinson C, Russell I, et al. Randomized Osteopathic Manipulation Study (ROMANS): pragmatic trial for spinal pain in primary care. Fam Pract. 2003;20(6):662-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmg607
  38. Yu Jia, Xie Yanming, Zhu Liguo, Yu Jie, Zhang Qing. Cost-effectiveness analysis of rotating manipulation therapy for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2008;15:7-8.
  39. Bosmans JE, Pool JJM, de Vet HCW, van Tulder MW, Ostelo RWJG. Is behavioral graded activity costeffective in comparison with manual therapy for patients with subacute neck pain? An economic evaluation alongside a randomized clinical trial. Spine. 2011;36(18):E1179-86. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31820644ed
  40. Pool JJ, Ostelo RW, Koke AJ, Bouter LM, de Vet HC. Comparison of the effectiveness of a behavioural graded activity program and manual therapy in patients with subacute neck pain: design of a randomized clinical trial. Man Ther. 2006;11(4):297-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2005.07.006
  41. Pool JJ, Ostelo RW, Knol DL, Vlaeyen JW, Bouter LM, de Vet HC. Is a behavioral graded activity program more effective than manual therapy in patients with subacute neck pain? Results of a randomized clinical trial. Spine. 2010;35(10):1017-24. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181c212ee
  42. Korthals-de Bos IBC, Hoving JL, van Tulder MW, et al. Cost effectiveness of physiotherapy, manual therapy, and general practitioner care for neck pain: economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2003;326(7395):911. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7395.911
  43. Hoving JL, Koes BW, de Vet HC, et al. Manual therapy, physical therapy, or continued care by a general practitioner for patients with neck pain. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136(10):713-22. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-10-200205210-00006
  44. Lewis M, James M, Stokes E, et al. An economic evaluation of three physiotherapy treatments for non-specific neck disorders alongside a randomized trial. Rheumatology (UK). 2007;46(11):1701-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kem245
  45. Dziedzic K, Hill J, Lewis M, Sim J, Daniels J, Hay EM. Effectiveness of manual therapy or pulsed shortwave diathermy in addition to advice and exercise for neck disorders: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial in physical therapy clinics. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;53(2):214-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.21087
  46. van Dongen JM, Groeneweg R, Rubinstein SM, Bosmans JE, Oostendorp RA, Ostelo RW, van Tulder MW. Cost-effectiveness of manual therapy versus physiotherapy in patients with sub-acute and chronic neck pain: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Spine J. 2016;25(7):2087-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-016-4526-0
  47. Groeneweg R, Kropman H, Leopold H, van Assen L, Mulder J, van Tulder MW, Oostendorp RA. The effectiveness and cost-evaluation of manual therapy and physical therapy in patients with subacute and chronic non specific neck pain. Rationale and design of a Randomized Controlled Trial(RCT). BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010;11:14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-11-14
  48. Stochkendahl MJ, Sorensen J, Vach W, Christensen HW, Hoilund-Carlsen PF, Hartvigsen J. Cost-effectiveness of chiropractic care versus self-management in patients with musculo-skeletal chest pain. Open Heart. 2016;3(1):e000334. https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2015-000334
  49. Stochkendahl MJ, Christensen HW, Vach W, Hoilund-Carlsen PF, Haghfelt T, Hartvigsen J. Chiropractic treatment vs self-management in patients with acute chest pain: a randomized controlled trial of patients without acute coronary syndrome. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2012;35(1):7-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2010.11.004
  50. Stochkendahl MJ, Christensen HW, Vach W, Hoilund-Carlsen PF, Haghfelt T, Hartvigsen J. A randomized clinical trial of chiropractic treatment and selfmanagement in patients with acute musculoskeletal chest pain: 1-year follow-up. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2012;35(4):254-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2012.04.003
  51. Critchley DJ, Ratcliffe J, Noonan S, Jones RH, Hurley MV. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of three types of physiotherapy used to reduce chronic low back pain disability: a pragmatic randomized trial with economic evaluation. Spine(Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32(14):1474-81. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e318067dc26
  52. Niemisto L, Rissanen P, Sarna S, Lahtinen-Suopanki T, Lindgren KA, Hurri H. Cost-effectiveness of combined manipulation, stabilizing exercises, and physician consultation compared to physician consultation alone for chronic low back pain: a prospective randomized trial with 2-year follow up. Spine. 2005;30(10):1109-15. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000162569.00685.7b
  53. Niemisto L, Lahtinen-Suopanki T, Rissanen P, Lindgren KA, Sarna S, Hurri H. A randomized trial of combined manipulation, stabilizing exercises, and physician consultation compared to physician consultation alone for chronic low back pain. Spine. 2003;28(19):2185-91. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.BRS.0000085096.62603.61
  54. Rivero-Arias O, Gray A, Frost H, Lamb SE, Stewart-Brown S. Cost-utility analysis of physiotherapy treatment compared with physiotherapy advice in low back pain. Spine(Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31(12):1381-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000218486.13659.d5
  55. Frost H, Lamb SE, Doll HA, Carver PT, Stewart-Brown S. Randomised controlled trial of physiotherapy compared with advice for low back pain. BMJ. 2004;329(7468):708. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38216.868808.7C
  56. UK BEAM Trial Team. United Kingdom Back Pain Exercise and Manipulation (UK BEAM) randomised trial: cost effectiveness of physical treatments for back pain in primary care. BMJ. 2004;329(7479):1381. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38282.607859.AE
  57. Brealey S, Burton K, Coulton S, et al. UK Back pain Exercise and Manipulation (UK BEAM) trial?national randomised trial of physical treatments for back pain in primary care: objectives, design and interventions [ISRCTN32683578]. BMC Health Serv Res. 2003;3(1):16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-3-16
  58. UK BEAM Trial Team. United Kingdom Back Pain Exercise and Manipulation (UK BEAM) randomised trial: effectiveness of physical treatments for back pain in primary care. BMJ. 2004;329(7479):1377. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38282.669225.AE
  59. Whitehurst DG, Lewis M, Yao GL, et al. A brief pain management program compared with physical therapy for low back pain: results from an economic analysis alongside a randomized clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57(3):466-73. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.22606
  60. Hay EM, Mullis R, Lewis M, et al. Comparison of physical treatments versus a brief pain-management programme for back pain in primary care: a randomised clinical trial in physiotherapy practice. Lancet. 2005;365(9476):2024-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66696-2
  61. Bergman GJ, Winter JC, van Tulder MW, Meyboom-de JB, Postema K, van der Heijden GJ. Manipulative therapy in addition to usual medical care accelerates recovery of shoulder complaints at higher costs: economic outcomes of a randomized trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010;11:200. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-11-200
  62. Bergman GJD, Winters JC, van der Heijden GJMG, Postema K, Meyboomde Jong B. Groningen Manipulation Study. The effect of manipulation of the structures of the shoulder girdle as additional treatment for symptom relief and for prevention of chronicity or recurrence of shoulder symptoms. Design of a randomized controlled trial within a comprehensive prognostic cohort study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2002;25(9):543-9. https://doi.org/10.1067/mmt.2002.128373
  63. Bergman GJD, Winters JC, Groenier KH, et al. Manipulative therapy in addition to usual medical care for patients with shoulder dysfunction and pain: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(6):432-9. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-6-200409210-00008
  64. Bergman GJ, Winters JC, Groenier KH, Meyboom-de JB, Postema K, van der Heijden GJ. Manipulative therapy in addition to usual care for patients with shoulder complaints: results of physical examination outcomes in a randomized controlled trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2010;33(2):96-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2009.12.004
  65. Coombes BK, Connelly L, Bisset L, Vicenzino B. Economic evaluation favours physiotherapy but not corticosteroid injection as a first-line intervention for chronic lateral epicondylalgia: evidence from a randomised clinical trial. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(22):1400-5. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094729
  66. Coombes BK, Bisset L, Connelly LB, Brooks P, Vicenzino B. Optimising corticosteroid injection for lateral epicondylalgia with the addition of physiotherapy: a protocol for a randomised control trial with placebo comparison. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2009;10:76. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-10-76
  67. Zhang Xin, Wu Hong, Ran Chunfeng, et al. The cost-effectiveness analysis of rehabilitation on hand injury patients. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2009;24:33-6. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1242.2009.01.013
  68. Lin CW, Moseley AM, Haas M, Refshauge KM, Herbert RD. Manual therapy in addition to physiotherapy does not improve clinical or economic outcomes after ankle fracture. J Rehabil Med. 2008;40(6):433-9. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0187
  69. Lin CC, Moseley AM, Refshauge KM, Haas M, Herbert RD. Effectiveness of joint mobilisation after cast immobilisation for ankle fracture: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial [ACTRN012605000143628). BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006;7:46. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-7-46
  70. Pinto D, Robertson MC, Abbott JH, Hansen P, Campbell AJ; MOA Trial Team. Manual therapy, exercise therapy, or both, in addition to usual care, for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. 2: economic evaluation alongside a randomized controlled trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2013;21(10): 1504-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2013.06.014
  71. Abbott JH, Robertson MC, Chapple C, Pinto D, Wright AA, Leon de la Barra S, Baxter GD, Theis JC, Campbell AJ; MOA Trial team. Manual therapy, exercise therapy, or both, in addition to usual care, for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: a randomized controlled trial. 1: clinical effectiveness. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2013;21(4):525-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2012.12.014
  72. Pinto D, Robertson MC, Hansen P, Abbott JH; MOA Trial Team. Economic evaluation within a factorial-design randomised controlled trial of exercise, manual therapy, or both interventions for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: study protocol. BMJ Open. 2011;1(1):e000136.
  73. Hu Wei-min, Dong Gui-rong. Cost effectiveness of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Chinese Community Doctors. 2012;14:224-6.
  74. Craig P, Dieppe P, Macintyre S, Michie S, Nazareth I, Petticrew M. Developing and evaluating complex interventions: the new Medical Research Council guidance. Int J Nurs Stud. 2013;50(5):587-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.09.010
  75. Canter PH, Coon JT, Ernst E. Costeffectiveness of complementary therapies in the United Kingdom?a systematic review. Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2006;3(4): 425-32. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nel044
  76. Cherkin DC, Sherman KJ, Deyo RA, Shekelle PG. A review of the evidence for the effectiveness, safety, and cost of acupuncture, massage therapy, and spinal manipulation for back pain. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138(11):898-906. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-11-200306030-00011
  77. Coon JT, Ernst E. A systematic review of the economic evaluation of complementary and alternative medicine. Perfusion 2005;18(6):202-14.
  78. Herman PM, Craig BM, Caspi O. Is complementary and alternative medicine( CAM) cost-effective? A systematic review. BMC Altern Med. 2005;5:11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-5-11
  79. Lin CWC, Haas M, Maher CG, Machado LAC, van Tulder MW. Cost-effectiveness of general practice care for low back pain: a systematic review. Eur Spine J. 2011;20:1012-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-010-1675-4
  80. Lin CWC, Haas M, Maher CG, Machado LAC, van Tulder MW. Cost-effectiveness of guideline-endorsed treatments for low back pain: a systematic review. Eur Spine J. 2011;20(7):1024-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-010-1676-3
  81. Van Der Roer N, Goossens MEJB, Evers SMAA, van Tulder MW. What is the most cost-effective treatment for patients with low back pain? A systematic review. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2005;19(4):671-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2005.03.007
  82. White AR, Ernst E. Economic analysis of complementary medicine: a systematic review. Complement Ther Med. 2000;8(2):111-8. https://doi.org/10.1054/ctim.2000.0356
  83. Herman PM, Poindexter BL, Witt CM, Eisenberg DM. Are complementary therapies and integrative care costeffective? A systematic review of economic evaluations. BMJ Open. 2012;2(5):e001046. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001046
  84. Lewis R, Williams N, Matar HE, et al. The clinical effectiveness and costeffectiveness of management strategies for sciatica: systematic review and economic model. Health Technol Assess. 2011;15(39):1-578. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta15390
  85. Michaleff ZA, Lin CW, Maher CG, van Tulder MW. Spinal manipulation epidemiology: systematic review of cost effectiveness studies. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012;22(5):655-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.02.011