DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of the Cone Index on the Work Load of the Agricultural Tractor

원추 지수가 트랙터 작업 부하에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Wan Soo (Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Yong Joo (Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Baek, Seung Min (Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Baek, Seung Yun (Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Moon, Seok Pyo (Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Nam Gyu (Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Taek Jin (Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Siddique, Md Abu Ayub (Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Jeon, Hyeon Ho (Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Yeon Soo (Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University)
  • Received : 2020.03.21
  • Accepted : 2020.05.14
  • Published : 2020.06.01

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the soil cone index (CI) on the tractor work load. A load measurement system was constructed for measuring the field data. The field sites were divided into grids (3×3 m), and the cone index was measured at the center of each grid. The work load measured through the plow tillage was matched with the soil cone index. The matched data were grouped at 600 kPa intervals based on the cone index. The work load according to the cone index was analyzed for engine, axle, and traction load, respectively. The results showed that when the cone index increased, engine torque decreased by up to 9%, and the engine rotational speed and brake-specific fuel consumption increased by up to 5% and 3%, respectively. As the cone index increased, the traction and tillage depth were inversely proportional to the cone index, decreasing 7% and 18%, respectively and the traction and tillage depth were directly proportional to the cone index, increasing 13% and 12%, respectively. Thus, it was found that the cone index had a major influence on the engine, axle, and traction loads of the tractor.

Keywords

References

  1. W. S. Kim et al., "Analysis of Power Requirement of 78 kW Class Agricultural Tractor According to the Major Field Operation", Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A, Vol.43, No.12, pp.911-922, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3795/KSME-A.2019.43.12.911
  2. N. G. Lee et al., "A Study on the Improvement of Transmission Error and Tooth Load Distribution using Micro-geometry of Compound Planetary Gear Reducer for Tractor Final Driving Shaft", Journal of Drive and Control, Vol.17, No.1, pp.1-12, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7839/KSFC.2020.17.1.001
  3. J. M. Serrano et al., "Tractor energy requirements in disc harrow systems", Biosystems Engineering, Vol.98, pp.286-296, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2007.08.002
  4. C. E. Goering, Engine and Tractor Power, 3rd ed., American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE), Michigan, 1992.
  5. T. J. Kim et al., "Strength analysis of mechanical transmission using equivalent torque of plow tillage of an 82 kW-class tractor", Korean Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol.46, No.4, pp.723-735, 2019.
  6. F. G. Okyere et al., "Analysis of Draft Force Requirement of a Compact Disc Harrow and Model Development for Future Predictions", Journal of Biosystems Engineering, Vol.44, pp.47-56, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42853-019-00003-3
  7. S. Y. Baek et al., "Development of a Simulation Model for an 80 kW-class Electric All-Wheel-Drive (AWD) Tractor using Agricultural Workload", Journal of Drive and Control, Vol.17, No.1, pp.27-36, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7839/KSFC.2020.17.1.027
  8. N. Regazzi, M. Maraldi and G. Molari, "A theoretical study of the parameters affecting the power delivery efficiency of an agricultural tractor", Biosystems Engineering, Vol.186, pp.214-227, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.07.006
  9. K. S. Lee et al., "Development of a Digital Cone Index Measuring Device", Journal of Biosystems Engineering, Vol.35, No.6, pp.387-392, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5307/JBE.2010.35.6.387
  10. S. O. Chung and K. A. Sudduth, "Soil failure models for vertically operating and horizontally operating strength sensors", Transactions of the ASABE, Vol.49, No.4, pp.851-863, 2006. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.21725
  11. W. W. Brixius, Traction prediction equations for bias ply tires, ASAE Paper No.87-1622, American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE), Michigan, 1987.
  12. W. Y. Park and S. S. Lee, "Development of a Tractive Performance Prediction Program of Tractors", Journal of Biosystems Engineering, Vol.37, No.3, pp.131-139, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5307/JBE.2012.37.3.131
  13. W. Y. Park and K. S. Lee, "A Study on Soil Stress and Contact Pressure of Tire", Journal of Biosystems Engineering, Vol.26, No.3, pp.245-252, 2001.
  14. H. Taghavifar, A. Mardani and L. Taghavifar, "A hybridized artificial neural network and imperialist competitive algorithm optimization approach for prediction of soil compaction in soil bin facility", Measurement, Vol.46, No.8, pp.2288-2299, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2013.04.077
  15. P. Farhadi et al., "Finite element modeling of the interaction of a threaded tire with clay-loam soil", Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Vol.162, pp.793-806, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2019.05.031
  16. W. Y. Park and K. S. Lee, "The Effect of Tire Inflation Pressure on soil Compaction and Tractive Performance of Tractor", Journal of Biosystems Engineering, Vol.27, No.6, pp.491-500, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5307/JBE.2002.27.6.491
  17. M. N. Islam et al., "Performance Evaluation of Trenchless Subsurface Drainage Piping Machine", Journal of Biosystems Engineering, Vol.44, pp.218-225, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42853-019-00032-y
  18. A. M. Mouazen and H. Ramon, "Development of on-line measurement system of bulk density based on on-line measured draught, depth and soil moisture content", Soil Tillage Research, Vol. 86, pp.218-229, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.026
  19. B. H. Chong et al., "Mapping of Cone Index for Precision Tillage", Journal of Biosystems Engineering, Vol.30, No.2, pp.127-133, 2005. https://doi.org/10.5307/JBE.2005.30.2.127
  20. W. S. Kim et al., "Evaluation of PTO Severeness for 78 kW-Class Tractor According to Disk Plow Tillage and Rotary Tillage", Journal of Drive and Control, Vol.16, No.4, pp.23-31, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7839/KSFC.2019.16.4.023
  21. MAFRA (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs), "Development of Optimal Tillage System Based on Soil Physical Properties", 2006.
  22. W. S. Kim et al., "Work load analysis for determination of the reduction gear ratio for a 78 kW all wheel drive electric tractor design", Korean Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol.46, No.3, pp.613-627, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7744/KJOAS.20190047
  23. Y. S. Kim et al., "Development of a Real-Time Tillage Depth Measurement System for Agricultural Tractors: Application to the Effect Analysis of Tillage Depth on Draft Force during Plow Tillage", Sensors, Vol.20, No.3, 912, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030912
  24. Y. S. Kim et al., "Analysis of Tillage Depth and Gear Selection for Mechanical Load and Fuel Efficiency of an Agricultural Tractor Using an Agricultural Field Measuring System", Sensors, Vol.20, No.9, 2450, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20092450
  25. F. M. Zoz and R. D. Grisso, "Traction and Tractor Performance", American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE), St. Joseph, MI, USA, 2003.
  26. S. C. Kim and K. U. Kim, "Rating of Agricultural Tractors by Fuel Efficiency", Journal of Biosystems Engineering, Vol.35, No.2, pp.69-76, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5307/JBE.2010.35.2.069
  27. Y. S. Kim et al., "Effect of tractor travelling speed on a tire slip", Korean Journal of Agriculture Science, Vol.45. No.1, pp.120-127, 2018.
  28. A. Yahya et al., "Mapping system for tractor-implement performance", Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Vol.69, pp.2-11, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2009.06.010
  29. J. W. Lee et al., "Effects of Distribution of Axle Load and Inflation Pressure of Tires on Fuel Efficiency of Tractor Operations", Journal of Biosystems Engineering, Vol.36, No.5, pp.303-313, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5307/JBE.2011.36.5.303
  30. ASABE Standards D497.6, "Agricultural Machinery Data", American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE), St. Joseph, MI, USA, 2009.