Korean Journal of Veterinary Service (한국동물위생학회지)

The Korean Society of Veterinary Service (한국동물위생학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in suckling piglets in Jeju, Korea

  • Choi, Young-Min (Jeju Animal Pharm Hospital) ;
  • Yang, Hyoung-Seok (Jeju Self-Governing Provincial Veterinary Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Jae-Hoon (College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University)
  • Received : 2020.09.16
  • Accepted : 2020.12.15
  • Published : 2020.12.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Two suckling piglets, 4 days and 10 days of age, showed lethargy and dyspnea after birth and mortality had been increased after incoming gilts from breeding farm. At necropsy, the lungs showed diffuse fail to collapse with rubbery consistency, edematous dilatation of interlobular septa, and lobular consolidation with purple red color. Heart was diffuse pale in color and had several irregular linear-shaped macules or patches. Histopathologically, diffuse interstitial pneumonia with the proliferation of type II pneumocytes was present in the lungs of 2 piglets. Alveolar lumens contained necrotic cellular debris derived from neutrophils and macrophages. Multifocal hemorrhage and necrotizing pneumonia with protozoan tachyzoites were observed in the lungs. Severe multifocal to confluent necrotic myocarditis, necrotic encephalitis, and necrotic adrenalitis with intralesional protozoan tachyzoites were observed in piglets. According to immunohistochemical analysis (IHC), Toxoplasma (T.) gondii tachyzoites antigens were confirmed in lung, heart, brain, and adrenal gland. And porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) antigens were also detected in the cytoplasm of macrophages in lungs using IHC. Based on the gross, histopathologic and immunohistochemical features, two suckling piglets were diagnosed as co-infection of T. gondii and PRRSV.

Keywords

References

  1. Beverley JKA, Henry L. 1978. Experimental toxoplasmosis in young piglets. Res Vet Sci 24: 139-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-5288(18)33065-0
  2. Dubey JP, Weigel RM, Siegel AM, Thulliez P, Kitron UD, Mitchell MA, Mannelli A, Mateus-Pinilla NE, Shen SK, Kwok OC, Todd KS. 1995. Sources and reservoirs of Toxoplasma gondii infection on 47 swine farms in Illinois. J Parasitol 81: 723-729. https://doi.org/10.2307/3283961
  3. Dubey JP. 1986. A review of toxoplasmosis in pigs. Vet Parasitol 19: 181-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(86)90070-1
  4. Dubey JP. 1998. Advances in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii. Int J Parasitol 28: 1019-1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00023-X
  5. Haritani M, Shimura K, Iwabuchi I, Kobayashi M, Narita M. 1988. Demonstration of Toxoplasma gondii antigen in stillborn piglets using immunoperoxidase technique Jpn J Vet Sci 50: 954-956. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms1939.50.954
  6. Holtkamp DJ, Kliebenstein JB, Neumann EJ, Zimmerman JJ, Rotto HF, Yoder TK, Wang C, Yeske PE, Mowrer CL, Haley CA. 2013. Assessment of the economic impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on United States pork producers. J Swine Health Prod 21: 72-84.
  7. Hong SJ, Chong CK, Lee K, Kim TS, Hong YP, Ahn HJ, Kim HY, Ko AR, Kim YJ, Nam HW. 2011. Maintained Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis among the Residents of Jeju Island, Korea. Korean J Parasitol 49: 309-311. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.309
  8. Kim JH, Kang KI, Kang WC, Sohn HJ, Jean YH, Park BK, Kim Y, Kim DY. 2009. Porcine abortion outbreak associated with Toxoplasma gondii in Jeju Island, Korea. J Vet Sci 10: 147-151. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2009.10.2.147
  9. Lehmann T, Graham DH, Dahl E, Sreekumar C, Launer F, Corn JL, Gamble HR, Dubey JP. 2003. Transmission dynamics of Toxoplasma gondii on a pig farm. Infect Genetic Evol 3: 135-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-1348(03)00067-4
  10. Lindsay DS, Dubey JP, Santin-Duran M, Fayer R. 2012. Coccidia and Other Protozoa. pp. 895-907. In: Zimmerman JJ, Karriker LA, Ramirez A, Schwartz KJ, Stevenson GW (eds), Diseases of Swine, 10th ed. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Ames, USA.
  11. Neumann E, Kliebenstein JB, Johnson CD, Mabry JW, Bush EJ, Seitzinger AH, Zimmerman JJ. 2005. Assessment of the economic impact of porcine reproductive and 2 respiratory syndrome von swine production in the United States. J Am Vet Med Assoc 227: 385-392. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2005.227.385
  12. OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health), online a. Report of the Meeting of the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Commission, Paris, 8-19 February 2016. Available online: http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Internationa_Standard_ Setting/docs/pdf/A_TAHSC_Feb_2016_Part_B.pdf
  13. Ramos-Vara JA, Beissenherz ME. 2000. Optimization of immunohistochemical methods using two different antigen retrieval methods on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues: experience with 63 markers. J Vet Diagn Invest 12: 307-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870001200402
  14. Roh IS, Han JH, Kim JH, Ahn BW. 1997. Toxoplasmosis in piglets. Korean J Vet Res 37: 817-823.
  15. Shehu NU, Sale KA, Mohammed K, Garba MK, Bunza N, Ganau AM, Fumilayo AO. 2019. Congenital Toxoplasmosis: present and future challenges: a review. South Asian J Parasitol 2: 1-10.
  16. Shin SS. 2007. Pathogenicity and prevention of swine toxoplasmosis. Kor J Vet Publ Hlth 31: 173-181.
  17. Wang S, Zhang M, Liu XC, Lin T, Yang HC, Yuan SS, Zhao GW, Ia H, Yan RF, Song XK, Xu LX, Li XR. 2015. Investigation on the co-infections of Toxoplasma gondii with PRRSV, CSFV or PCV-2 in swine in part of China. J Integr Agric 14: 1838-1844. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(15)61044-9
  18. Work K, Eriksen L, Fennestad KL, Moller T, Siim JC. 1970. Experimental tosoplasmosis in pregnant sows. I. Clinical, parasitological and serological observations. Acta Pathol Microbiolo Scand Sect B 78: 129-139.
  19. Zimmerman J, Benfield DA, Dee SA, Murtaugh MP, Stadejek T, Stevenson GW, Torremorell M. 2012. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (Porcine Arterivirus). pp. 461-486. In: Zimmerman JJ, Karriker LA, Ramirez A, Schwartz KJ, Stevenson GW (eds), Diseases of Swine, 10th ed. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Ames, USA.