KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems (정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템)

Korea Information Processing Society (한국정보처리학회)
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Practical Concerns in Enforcing Ethereum Smart Contracts as a Rewarding Platform in Decentralized Learning

연합학습의 인센티브 플랫폼으로써 이더리움 스마트 컨트랙트를 시행하는 경우의 실무적 고려사항

  • ;
  • ;
  • 장설아 (부경대학교 인공지능융합학과) ;
  • 이경현 (부경대학교 IT융합응용공학과)
  • Received : 2020.08.04
  • Accepted : 2020.09.06
  • Published : 2020.12.31
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Abstract

Decentralized approaches are extensively researched by academia and industry in order to cover up the flaws of existing systems in terms of data privacy. Blockchain and decentralized learning are prominent representatives of a deconcentrated approach. Blockchain is secure by design since the data record is irrevocable, tamper-resistant, consensus-based decision making, and inexpensive of overall transactions. On the other hand, decentralized learning empowers a number of devices collectively in improving a deep learning model without exposing the dataset publicly. To motivate participants to use their resources in building models, a decent and proportional incentive system is a necessity. A centralized incentive mechanism is likely inconvenient to be adopted in decentralized learning since it relies on the middleman that still suffers from bottleneck issues. Therefore, we design an incentive model for decentralized learning applications by leveraging the Ethereum smart contract. The simulation results satisfy the design goals. We also outline the concerns in implementing the presented scheme for sensitive data regarding privacy and data leakage.

탈중앙화 접근법은 기존 시스템의 데이터 프라이버시 결함을 보완하기 위해 산·학계에서 폭넓게 연구되고 있다. 블록체인은 기록된 데이터는 위조할 수 없으며 합의를 기반으로 의사결정을 이루고 전반적인 거래의 비용은 저렴한 특징을 가지고 있다. 연합학습은 데이터 집합을 공개적으로 노출하지 않고 다수의 장치를 집합적으로 사용 함으로서 딥러닝 모델을 개선할 수 있게 한다. 모델 구축을 위해서는 자원을 사용하도록 참여자들의 동기 부여를 위한 적절하고 참여 비율에 합당한 인센티브 제도가 필수적이다. 그러나 중앙집중화된 인센티브 메커니즘은 중간 계층에 의존하고 여전히 병목현상을 유발하기 때문에 연합학습에 적용하기에는 어려움이 있다. 따라서, 우리는 이더리움 스마트컨트랙트를 활용하여 연합학습 어플리케이션을 위한 인센티브 모델을 제안한다. 구현 결과는 설계 목표를 충족하였고, 마지막 절에서 연합학습에서 프라이버시 및 데이터 유출과 관련된 민감 데이터에 대한 본 구현을 실행할 때 발생할 수 있는 사항들을 설명한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2018R1D1A1B07048944) and partially was supported by Pukyong National University Research Fund in 2019.

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