Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

  • 제58권5호
  • /
  • Pages.571-576
  • /
  • 2020
  • /
  • 2982-5164(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1738-0006(eISSN)
대한기생충학·열대의학회 (The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

An Unusual Case of Extra-Enteric Blastocystosis in the Uterine Cervix

  • 투고 : 2020.03.09
  • 심사 : 2020.08.28
  • 발행 : 2020.10.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Extra-enteric infections by Blastocystis spp. have rarely been documented. Here, we report a case of extra-enteric blastocystosis in a patient with minimal cervicitis symptoms. A 47-year-old Hispanic female patient was attended in a primary health centre in Michoacan state, Mexico, for her routine gynaecological medical examination. As only symptom, she referred to a slight vaginal itching. The presence of several vacuolar-stages of Blastocystis spp. were identified by Papanicolaou staining; molecular identification was attempted by culture-PCR sequencing of a region of 18S gene from cervical and faecal samples obtained 2 months after cytological examination, even when patient declared that she tried self-medicating with vaginal ovules. Blastocystis ST1 was identified only in the faecal sample. The presence of Blastocystis spp. in the cervix of a patient with scarce symptomatology, demonstrates the extraordinary flexibility of this microorganism to adapt to new environments and niches.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Tan KSW. New insights on classification, identification and clinical relevance of Blastocystis spp. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008; 21: 639-665. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00022-08
  2. El Safadi D, Gaayeb L, Meloni D, Cian A, Poirier P, Wawrzyniak I, Delbac F, Dabboussi F, Delhaes L, Seck M, Hamze M, Riveau G, Viscogliosi E. Children of Senegal River Basin show the highest prevalence of Blastocystis sp. ever observed worldwide. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-1
  3. Yakoob J, Jafri W, Jafri N, Khan R, Islam M, Beg MA, Zaman V. Iritable Bowel Syndrome: in search of an etiology: role of Blastocystis hominis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2004; 74: 383-385.
  4. Turkeltaub JA, McCarty TR 3rd, Hotez PJ. The intestinal protozoa: emerging impact on global health and development. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2015; 31: 38-44. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0000000000000135
  5. Jimenez-Gonzalez DE, Martinez-Flores WA, Reyes-Gordillo J, Ramirez-Miranda ME, Arroyo-Escalante S, Romero-Valdovinos M, Stark D, Souza-Saldivar V, Martinez-Hernandez F, Flisser A, Olivo-Diaz A, Maravilla P. Blastocystis infection is associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome in a mexican patient population. Parasitol Res 2012; 110: 1269-1275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2626-7
  6. Scanlan PD. Blastocystis: past pitfalls and future perspectives. Trends Parasitol 2012; 28: 327-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2012.05.001
  7. Stensvold CR, Van der Giezen M. Associations between gut microbiota and common luminal intestinal parasites. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34: 369-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2018.02.004
  8. Calore EE, Calore NMP, Cavaliere MJ. Salpingitis due to Entamoeba histolytica. Braz J Infect Dis 2002; 6: 97-99. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-86702002000200007
  9. Consejo Nacional de Evaluacion de la Politica de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL). MEDICION DE LA POBREZA [Internet]; [cited 2019 October 29]. Available from: https://www.coneval.org.mx/Medicion/Paginas/PobrezaInicio.aspx.
  10. Santin M, Gomez-Muñoz MT, Solano-Aguilar G, Fayer R. Development of a new PCR protocol to detect and subtype Blastocystis spp. from humans and animals. Parasitol Res 2011; 109: 205-212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-2244-9
  11. Sepp R, Szabo I, Uda H, Sakamoto H. Rapid techniques for DNA extraction from routinely processed archival tissue for use in PCR. J Clin Pathol 1994; 47: 318-323. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.47.4.318
  12. Feine I, Shpitzen M, Geller B, Salmon E, Peleg T, Roth J, Gafny R. Acetone facilitated DNA sampling from electrical tapes improves DNA recovery and enables latent fingerprints development. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 276: 107-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.04.023
  13. Edgar RC. MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res 2004; 32: 1792-1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340
  14. Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35: 1547-1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
  15. Lee MG, Rawlins SC, Didier M, DeCeulaer K. Infective arthritis due to Blastocystis hominis. Ann Rheum Dis 1990; 49: 192-193. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.49.3.192
  16. Hu KC, Lin CC, Wang TE, Liu CY, Chen MJ, Chang WH. Amoebic liver abscess or is it? Gut 2008; 57: 627. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2006.119149
  17. Prodeus TV, Zeila OP, Khlebnikova TA, Pikul' DA. Extraenteric infection caused by Blastocystis spp. in a female patient with liver abscess. Med Parazitol (Mosk) 2014; 2: 6-9 (in Russian).
  18. Patino WD, Cavuoti D, Banerjee SK, Swartz K, Ashfaq R, Gokaslan T. Cytologic diagnosis of Blastocystis hominis in peritoneal fluid: a case report. Acta Cytol 2008; 52: 718-720. https://doi.org/10.1159/000325628
  19. Santos HL, Sodre FC, de Macedo HW. Blastocystis sp. in splenic cysts: causative agent or accidental association? A unique case report. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7: 207. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-207
  20. Zierdt CH. Blastocystis hominis--past and future. Clin Microbiol Rev 1991; 4: 61-79. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.4.1.61-79.1991
  21. Wolynska M, Soroczan W. Blastocystis hominis Brumpt, 1912, (Phycomycetes) in the female genital tract. Pol Tyg Lek 1972; 27: 788-791.
  22. Stensvold CR, Nielsen HV, Molbak K, Smith HV. Pursuing the clinical significance of Blastocystis diagnostic limitations. Trends Parasitol 2009; 5: 23-29.
  23. Engberts MK, Goedbloed AF, van Haaften M, Boon ME, Heintz PM. Microscopic diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis in stained vaginal smears by Dutch general practitioners. Acta Cytol 2007; 51: 882-885. https://doi.org/10.1159/000325864
  24. Avwioro Og, Olabiyi Oe, Avwioro To. Sensitivity of a papanicolaou smear in the diagnosis of Candida albicans infection of the cervix. N Am J Med Sci 2010; 2: 97-99.
  25. Kumar K, Askari F, Sahu MS, Kaur R. Candida glabrata: a lot more than meets the eye. Microorganisms 2019; 7: 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7020039
  26. Villalobos G, Orozco-Mosqueda GE, Lopez-Perez M, LopezEscamilla E, Cordoba-Aguilar A, Rangel-Gamboa L, Olivo-Diaz A, Romero-Valdovinos M, Maravilla P, Martinez-Hernandez F. Suitability of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) as markers for the population genetic structure of Blastocystis spp. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7: 461. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-014-0461-2
  27. Villegas-Gomez I, Martinez-Hernandez F, Urrea-Quezada A, Gonzalez-Diaz M, Durazo M, Hernandez J, Orozco-Mosqueda GE, Villalobos G, Maravilla P, Valenzuela O. Comparison of the genetic variability of Blastocystis subtypes between human carriers from two contrasting climatic regions of Mexico. Infect Genet Evol 2016; 44: 334-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.07.036
  28. Ramirez JD, Sanchez A, Hernandez C, Florez C, Bernal MC, Giraldo JC, Reyes P, Lopez MC, Garcia L, Cooper PJ, Vicuña Y, Mongi F, Casero RD. Geographic distribution of human Blastocystis subtypes in South America. Infect Genet Evol 2016; 41: 32-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.03.017
  29. Yoshikawa H, Wu Z, Nagano I, Takahashi Y. Molecular comparative studies among Blastocystis isolates obtained from humans and animals. J Parasitol 2003; 89: 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0585:MCSABI]2.0.CO;2
  30. Villanueva-Garcia C, Gordillo-Chavez EJ, Lopez-Escamilla E, Rendon-Franco E, Munoz-Garcia CI, Gama L, Martinez-Flores WA, Gonzalez-Rodriguez N, Romero-Valdovinos M, Diaz-Lopez H, Galian J, Villalobos G, Maravilla P, Martinez-Hernandez F. Clarifying the cryptic host specificity of Blastocystis spp. isolates from Alouatta palliata and A. pigra howler monkeys. PLoS One 2017; 5: 12: e0169637. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169637