Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (대한기생충학·열대의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Reduction of Reinfection Rates with Opisthorchis viverrini through a Three-Year Management Program in Endemic Areas of Northeastern Thailand

  • Received : 2020.04.06
  • Accepted : 2020.09.25
  • Published : 2020.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To clarify the reinfection profile associated with risk factors of opisthorchiasis, we conducted an epidemiological study on the chemotherapeutic effects on reinfection with O. viverrini in the endemic areas of Northeastern Thailand for 3 years. A total of 3,674 fecal samples were collected from participants in villages of 5 provinces. They were examined microscopically using a modified technique of formalin ethyl-acetate concentration. Egg-positive residents were reexamined year (2018) by year (2019) after treatment with a single dose (40 mg/kg) of praziquantel. Health education was provided to the participants yearly. The egg-positive rate of O. viverrini was 14.3%, and was highest (22.2%) in the 20-30 year-old group in 2017. The egg positive rate was 15.3% in dogs and 11.4% cats. Human reinfection rate was 15.5% and 6.3% in next 2 years, and was highest (23.2%) among the fishermen. Relative risk factors of reinfection were significantly higher for males, over 40-year-old age, or working as fishermen or farmers, and eating uncooked fish within the preceding year. A significant difference resulting from a health education program was observed in the third year. Therefore, health education and sustainable surveillance for opisthorchiasis should be maintained to decrease the risk of reinfection.

Keywords

References

  1. Sripa B, Bethony JM, Sithithaworn P, Kaewkes S, Mairiang E, Loukas A, Mulvenna J, Laha T, Hotez PJ, Brindley PJ. Opisthorchiasis and Opisthorchis-associated cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand and Laos. Acta Trop 2011; 120 (suppl): 158-168.
  2. Pinlaor S, Ma N, Hiraku Y, Yongvanit P, Semba R, Oikawa S, Murata M, Sripa B, Sithithaworn P, Kawanishi S. Repeated infection with Opisthorchis viverrini induces accumulation of 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanine in the bile duct of hamsters via inducible nitric oxide synthase. Carcinogenesis 2004; 25: 1535-1542. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgh157
  3. Thinkhamrop K, Khuntikeo N, Sithithaworn P, Thinkhamrop W, Wangdi K, Kelly MJ, Suwannatrai AT, Gray DJ. Repeated praziquantel treatment and Opisthorchis viverrini infection: A population-based cross-sectional study in northeast thailand. Infect Dis Poverty 2019; 8: 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-019-0529-5
  4. Kamsa-Ard S, Luvira V, Pugkhem A, Luvira V, Thinkhamrop B, Suwanrungruang K, Bhudhisawasdi V. Association between praziquantel treatment and cholangiocarcinoma: A hospital-based matched case-control study. BMC Cancer 2015; 15: 776. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-015-1788-6
  5. Prakobwong S, Suwannatrai A, Sancomerang A, Chaipibool S, Siriwechtumrong N. A large scale study of the epidemiology and risk factors for the carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini in Udon Thani Province, Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18: 2853-2860.
  6. Sripa B, Tangkawattana S, Laha T, Kaewkes S, Mallory FF, Smith JF, Wilcox BA. Toward integrated opisthorchiasis control in northeast thailand: The lawa project. Acta Trop 2015; 141: 361-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.07.017
  7. Prakobwong SGW, Chaipibool S, Nimala B, Sangthopho J, Sirivetthumrong N, Ribas A. Epidemiology of Opisthorchis viverrini in an endemic area of thailand, an integrative approach. Helmithologia 2017; 54: 298-306. https://doi.org/10.1515/helm-2017-0036
  8. Nithiuthai S, Suwansaksri J, Wiwanitkit V, Chaengphukeaw P. A survey of metacercariae in cyprinoid fish in Nakhon rRatchasima, northeast thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2002; 33 (suppl): 103-105.
  9. Pinlaor S, Onsurathum S, Boonmars T, Pinlaor P, Hongsrichan N, Chaidee A, Haonon O, Limviroj W, Tesana S, Kaewkes S, Sithithaworn P. Distribution and abundance of Opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae in cyprinid fish in northeastern Thailand. Korean J Parasitol 2013; 51: 703-710. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.703
  10. Grundy-Warr C, Andrews RH, Sithithaworn P, Petney TN, Sripa B, Laithavewat L, Ziegler AD. Raw attitudes, wetland cultures, life-cycles: Socio-cultural dynamics relating to Opisthorchis viverrini in the mekong basin. Parasitol Int 2012; 61: 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2011.06.015
  11. Khuntikeo N, Sithithaworn P, Loilom W, Namwat N, Yongvanit P, Thinkhamrop B, Kiatsopit N, Andrews RH, Petney TN. Changing patterns of prevalence in Opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato infection in children and adolescents in northeast thailand. Acta Trop 2016; 164: 469-472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.10.017
  12. Saengsawang P, Promthet S, Bradshaw P. Reinfection by Opisthorchis viverrini after treatment with praziquantel. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17: 857-862. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.2.857
  13. Suwannatrai A, Saichua P, Haswell M. Epidemiology of Opisthorchis viverrini infection. Adv Parasitol 2018; 101: 41-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2018.05.002
  14. Sithithaworn P, Andrews RH, Nguyen VD, Wongsaroj T, Sinuon M, Odermatt P, Nawa Y, Liang S, Brindley PJ, Sripa B. The current status of opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis in the Mekong Basin. Parasitol Int 2012; 61: 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2011.08.014
  15. Flavell DJ, Flavell SU. Opisthorchis viverrini: Pathogenesis of infection in immunodeprived hamsters. Parasite Immunol 1986; 8: 455-466. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3024.1986.tb00861.x
  16. Prakobwong S, Pinlaor S, Yongvanit P, Sithithaworn P, Pairojkul C, Hiraku Y. Time profiles of the expression of metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases, cytokines and collagens in hamsters infected with Opisthorchis viverrini with special reference to peribiliary fibrosis and liver injury. Int J Parasitol 2009; 39: 825-835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.12.002
  17. Prakobwong S, Yongvanit P, Hiraku Y, Pairojkul C, Sithithaworn P, Pinlaor P, Pinlaor S. Involvement of mmp-9 in peribiliary fibrosis and cholangiocarcinogenesis via rac1-dependent DNA damage in a hamster model. Int J Cancer 2010; 127: 2576-2587. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.25266
  18. Pinlaor S, Prakobwong S, Boonmars T, Wongkham C, Pinlaor P, Hiraku Y. Effect of praziquantel treatment on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in relation to tissue resorption during fibrosis in hamsters with acute and chronic Opisthorchis viverrini infection. Acta Trop 2009; 111: 181-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.04.011
  19. Mairiang E, Haswell-Elkins MR, Mairiang P, Sithithaworn P, Elkins DB. Reversal of biliary tract abnormalities associated with Opisthorchis viverrini infection following praziquantel treatment. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1993; 87: 194-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(93)90489-D
  20. Wongba N, Thaewnongiew K, Phathee K, Laithavewat L, Duangsong R, Promthet S, Tangsawad S. Liver fluke prevention and control in the northeast of Thailand through action research. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011; 12: 1367-1370.
  21. Pinlaor S, Prakobwong S, Hiraku Y, Kaewsamut B, Dechakhamphu S, Boonmars T, Sithithaworn P, Pinlaor P, Ma N, Yongvanit P, Kawanishi S. Oxidative and nitrative stress in Opisthorchis viverrini -infected hamsters: An indirect effect after praziquantel treatment. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008; 78: 564-573. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.564
  22. Kaewpitoon SJ, Kaewpitoon N, Rujirakul R, Ueng-Arporn N, Matrakool L, Tongtawee T. The carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini among rural community people in northeast Thailand: A cross- sectional descriptive study using multistage sampling technique. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16: 7803-7807. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.17.7803
  23. Painsing S, Sripong A, Vensontia O, Pengsaa P, Kompor P, Kootanavanichapong N, Kaewpitoon SJ, Kaewpitoon N. Health behavior regarding liver flukes among rural people in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17: 2111-2114. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.4.2111
  24. Pungpak S, Radomyos P, Radomyos BE, Schelp FP, Jongsuksuntigul P, Bunnag D. Treatment of Opisthorchis viverrini and intestinal fluke infections with praziquantel. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1998; 29: 246-249.
  25. Pungpak S, Bunnag D, Harinasuta T. Studies on the chemotherapy of human opisthorchiasis: Effective dose of praziquantel in heavy infection. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1985; 16: 248-252.
  26. Aunpromma S, Tangkawattana P, Papirom P, Kanjampa P, Tesana S, Sripa B, Tangkawattana S. High prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in reservoir hosts in four districts of Khon Kaen Province, an opisthorchiasis endemic area of Thailand. Parasitol Int 2012; 61: 60-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2011.08.004
  27. Chudthaisong N, Promthet S, Bradshaw P. Risk factors for opisthorchis viverrini infection in Nong Khai Province, thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16: 4593-4596. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.11.4593
  28. Sripa B, Kaewkes S, Sithithaworn P, Mairiang E, Laha T, Smout M, Pairojkul C, Bhudhisawasdi V, Tesana S, Thinkamrop B, Bethony JM, Loukas A, Brindley PJ. Liver fluke induces cholangiocarcinoma. PLoS Med 2007; 4: e201. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040201
  29. Upatham ES, Viyanant V, Brockelman WY, Kurathong S, Lee P, Kraengraeng R. Rate of re-infection by Opisthorchis viverrini in an endemic northeast Thai community after chemotherapy. Int J Parasitol 1988; 18: 643-649. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(88)90099-9
  30. Sous SM. Iinfluence of environmental factors on the infection rates of fishes and shellfishes by trematodes of the Opisthorchidae Family in the Krotovaya Lyaga Lake. Med Parazitol (Mosk) 2006: 41-46 (in Russian).
  31. Chaiputcha K, Promthet S, Bradshaw P. Prevalence and risk factors for infection by Opisthorchis viverrini in an urban area of Mahasarakham Province, northeast Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16: 4173-4176. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.10.4173

Cited by

  1. Public health interventions for preventing re‐infection of Opisthorchis viverrini: application of the self‐efficacy theory and group process in high‐prevalent areas of Thailand vol.26, pp.8, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13598
  2. Infection rate of Opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae in cyprinoid fish from the markets and its association to human opisthorchiasis in the local community in the Northeast Thailand vol.225, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106216