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Flame and Carbonization Patterns of Animal-Origin Foods Ignited by Overheating

과열에 의해 발화된 동물성 식품의 화염 및 탄화 패턴에 관한 연구

  • 이정훈 (전주대학교 소방안전공학과) ;
  • 최충석 (전주대학교 소방안전공학과)
  • Received : 2019.11.06
  • Accepted : 2019.11.28
  • Published : 2019.12.31

Abstract

Real-scale fire tests were performed on animal-origin foods using a gas stove with no overheating prevention device. When the animal-origin foods were ignited, a large quantity of white smoke and steam was generated from them; however, when they became dry and began to carbonize, a dark smoke was generated. Even after the gas stove was overheated for more than 5400 s, mackerel, pollack, chicken, etc., did not ignite. However, pork, beef, and tuna caught fire after 2643 s, 2819 s, and 6492 s of heating, respectively. The flame patterns of animal-origin foods were in the forms of a mixed laminar flow and a turbulent flow, and a halo pattern was produced. A sand glass form of the flame pattern was generated when a kitchen hood was operated, but a triangular flame pattern was produced when the kitchen hood was not operated. When the tuna in the pot was overheated, it spontaneously ignited after 6492 s, with the surface temperature of the kitchen hood rapidly rising to 464.5 ℃. Moreover, the temperature at the back of the pot, which was 6 cm away from the outer surface of the upper part of the pot, was 869 ℃ after 6660 s because of the radiant heat. The flame formed a sand glass pattern on the kitchen wall. When the kitchen hood was not operated, or when the flame grew lower than the height of the ceiling, a triangular pattern was formed.

과열방지장치가 없는 가스레인지를 이용하여 동물성 식품의 실물 화재 실험을 실시하였다. 동물성 식품의 연소 초기에는 흰색의 연기와 수증기가 다량 발생했으나 물기가 없어지고 동물성 식품의 탄화가 시작되면 검정색 연기가 발생하였다. 가스레인지의 과열 시간이 5,400 s가 경과되어도 고등어, 명태 및 닭고기 등은 착화되지 못했다. 그러나 돼지고기는 2,643 s, 쇠고기는 2,819 s, 참치는 6,492 s에서 발화되는 것을 확인하였다. 동물성 식품의 화염 패턴은 층류와 난류가 혼합된 형태이며, 달무리 패턴(Halo Pattern)이 발생하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 주방 후드가 작동할 때의 화염은 모래시계 패턴을 형성하였고, 주방 후드가 작동하지 않을 때는 삼각형 패턴을 나타냈다. 냄비에 담긴 참치가 과열되면 6,492 s에 자연발화 되었고, 주방 후드의 표면 온도는 464.5 ℃로 급격히 상승하였다. 그리고 냄비 상부의 바깥 표면으로부터 6 cm 이격된 냄비 후면의 온도는 6,660 s에 복사열로 인해 869 ℃로 측정되었다. 화염에 의해 소손된 주방 벽면에는 모래시계 패턴이 형성되었으며, 주방 후드가 작동하지 않거나 천장 높이보다 화염이 작게 성장할 때는 삼각형 패턴을 나타내는 것이 확인되었다.

Keywords

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