Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Determinants of R&D and Product Innovation Pattern in High-Technology Industry and Low-Technology Industry: A Hurdle Model and Heckman Sample Selection Model Approach

고기술산업과 저기술산업의 제품혁신패턴 및 연구개발 결정요인 분석: Hurdle 모형과 Heckman 표본선택모형을 중심으로

  • Lee, Yunha (Dept. of Management of Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Kang, Seung-Gyu (Dept. of Management of Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Park, Jaemin (Dept. of Management of Technology, Konkuk University)
  • 이윤하 (건국대학교 기술경영학과) ;
  • 강승규 (건국대학교 기술경영학과) ;
  • 박재민 (건국대학교 기술경영학과)
  • Received : 2019.07.09
  • Accepted : 2019.10.04
  • Published : 2019.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

There have been many studies to examine the patterns in innovations reflecting industry-specific characteristics from an evolutionary economics perspective. The purpose of this study is to identify industry-specific differences in product innovation patterns and determinants of innovation performance. For this, Korean manufacturing is classified into high-tech industries and low-tech industries according to technology intensity. It is also pointed out that existing research does not reflect the decision-making process of firms' R&D implementations. In order to solve this problem, this study presents a Heckman sample selection model and a double-hurdle model as alternatives, and analyzes data from 1,637 firms in the 2014 Survey on Technology of SMEs. As a result, it was confirmed that the determinants and patterns of manufacturing in small and medium-size enterprise (SME) product innovation are significantly different between high-tech and low-tech industries. Also, through an extended empirical model, we found that there exist a sample selection bias and a hurdle-like threshold in the decision-making process. In this study, the industry-specific features and patterns of product innovation are examined from a multi-sided perspective, and it is meaningful that the decision-making process for manufacturing SMEs' R&D performance can be better understood.

그간 진화경제학적 관점에서 산업 고유의 특성에 따라 발생하는 기술혁신 패턴을 고찰하고자 하는 시도가 있어왔다. 본 연구는 국내 제조업을 기술집약도에 따라 고기술산업과 저기술산업으로 구분하고 제품혁신 패턴 및 혁신 성과 결정요인의 산업별 차이를 확인하였다. 기존 연구들은 연구개발 수행에 대한 기업의 의사결정 과정에서 연구개발을 수행하도록 만드는 결정요인을 분석에 반영하지 못했다는 지적이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위해서 Heckman 표본선택모형과 허들모형을 대안으로 제시하고, "2014년 중소기업기술통계조사" 자료의 1,637개 기업에 대해 분석을 실시했다. 분석 결과 제조업의 중소기업이 수행하는 제품혁신 패턴과 제품혁신 성과에 영향을 미치는 결정요인들에 있어 고기술산업과 저기술산업 간 뚜렷한 차이가 있다는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한, 기존 연구의 한계점을 극복하기 위해 채택한 연구모형의 확장을 통해서 중소기업 연구개발 수행에 대한 의사결정 과정에서 표본선택편의 문제와 허들로 표현되는 문지방이 있다는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 산업별 제품혁신 패턴의 특징과 제품혁신 성과 결정요인을 다각적으로 살펴보았고, 중소기업의 연구개발 수행에 대한 의사결정 과정을 더 깊이 이해할 수 있었다는 점에서 학술적 의의가 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. J. P. Hong, "Technological Regime, Knowledge Spillover and Innovation", Journal of Technology Innovation , Vol.18, No.2, pp. 147-174, 2010.
  2. F. Castellacci, "Innovation and Competitiveness of Industries: Comparing the Mainstream and Evolutionary Approaches", Technological Forecasting & Social Change , Vol.75, No.7, pp. 984-1006, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2007.09.002
  3. T. K. Sung, "The Determinants of Firm's Innovative Activity: A Comparison of High Technology Industries and Low Technological Industries", Journal of Industrial Economics and Business, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 339-360, 2005.
  4. N. Tunzelmann and V. Acha, "Innovation in 'Low-Tech' Industries."in J. Fagerberg, D. Mowery, and R. R. Nelson(eds.). The Oxford Handbook of innovation, Oxford, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286805.003 .0015
  5. M. Heidenreich, "Innovation patterns and location of European low- and-medium- technology industries", Research Policy , Vol.38, No.3, pp. 483-494, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.10.005
  6. J. Park, "The Selection and Decision in R&D and Patents : A Hurdle Negative Binomial Approach", Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society, Vol.17, No.3, pp. 449-466, 2014.
  7. P. Romer, "Endogenous Technological Change", Journal of Political Economy , Vol.98, No.5, pp. 71-102, 1990. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w3210
  8. R. Nelson and S. Winter, An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.
  9. B. Nooteboom, "Innovation, Learning and Industrial Organization", Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol.23, No.2, pp. 127-150, 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/23.2.127
  10. F. Malerba and L. Orsenigo, "Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation are Technology Specific", Research Policy, Vol.25, No.3, pp. 451-478, 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(95)00840-3
  11. K. Pavitt, "Sectoral patterns of technical change: Towards a taxonomy and a theory", Research Policy, Vol.13, No.6, pp. 343-373, 1984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(84)90018-0
  12. M. Robson, J. Townsend, K. Pavitt, K, "Sectoral Patterns of Production and Use of Innovations in the UK: 1945 - 1983", Research Policy, Vol.17, No.1, pp. 1-14, 1988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(88)90017-0
  13. M. S. Freel, "Sectoral Patterns of Small Firm Innovation, Networking and Proximity", Research Policy, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 751-770, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00084-7
  14. S. Breschi, F. Malerba, L. Orsenigo, "Technological Regimes and Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation", Economic Journal, Vol.110, No.463, pp. 388-410, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00530
  15. F. Malerba,, "Sectoral Systems of Innovation and Production", Research Policy, Vol.31, No.2, pp. 247-264, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00139-1
  16. T. Hatzichronoglou, "Revision of the High-Technology Sector and Product Classification", STI Working Paper, No. OECD/GD(97)216, Paris: OECD, 1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/18151965
  17. P. L. Robertson and P. R. Patel, "New Wine in Old Bottles: Technological Diffusion in Developed Economies", Research Policy, Vol.36, No.5, pp. 708-721. 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2007.01.008
  18. OECD, Proposed Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Technological Innovation Data: the Oslo Manual, Paris: OECD, 1997.
  19. F. Block and M. R. Keller, "Where Do Innovation Come From? Transformations in the US Economy, 1970-2006", Socio-Economic Review, Vol.7, No.3, pp. 459-483, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwp013
  20. T. Kemeny and T. Osman, "The Wider Impacts of High-Technology Employment: Evidence from U.S. Cities", CGR Working Papers, 89, Queen Mary, University of London, School of Business and Management, Centre for Globalisation Research, 2018.
  21. A. Escribano, A. Fosfuri and J. A. Tribo, "Managing External Knowledge Flows: The Moderating Role of Absorptive Capacity", Research Policy, Vol.38, No.1, pp. 96-105, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.10.022
  22. C. Kohler and K. Schmierl, "Diffusion of cim-tech nologies and trends in work organization", Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Vol.2, No.2, pp. 381-394, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0954-349X(05)80009-8
  23. K. W. Joo, "The Change in the Long-Term Export Competitiveness of Korean Manufacturing Industries according to Technology Intensity", Journal of International Trade Studies, Vol.8, No.1, pp. 1-31, 2002.
  24. S. I. Park and B. C. Yoo, "Changes in Regional Industrial Structure and Regional Economic Growth: From the Perspective of Science and Technology", Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association, Vol.23, No.2, pp. 117-147, 2007.
  25. J. Y. Noh, M. K. Chung, J. D. Rah, "Analysis on the Patterns of Technological Innovation in Korean Manufacturing Sector in accordance with Technology Intensity", Journal of Technology Innovation, Vol.18, No.2, pp. 33-58, 2010.
  26. S. S. Kim, "Analysis of the Impact of Firm Charact eristics on Preference of IP Policy", The Journal of Intellectual Property , Vol.11, No.3, pp. 259-290, 2016. https://doi.org/10.34122/jip.2016.09.11.3.259
  27. S. S. Kim and S. J. Choi, "Analysis on Preference of Appropration Methods in Korean Manufacturing: Focusing on Patents and Trade Secrets", Journal of Technology Innovation, Vol.24, No.2, pp. 143-175, 2016. https://doi.org/10.14383/SIME.2016.24.2.143
  28. H. Loof and A. Heshmati, "Knowledge Capital and Performance Heterogeneity: A Firm-level Innovation Study", Production Economics, Vol.76, pp.61-85, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5273(01)00147-5
  29. I. Hashia and N. Stojcic, "The Impact of Innovation Activities on Firm Using a Performance Multi-stage Model: Evidence From the Community Innovation Survey 4", Research Policy, Vol.42, pp. 353-366, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2012.09.011
  30. P. D'Este, M. Amara and J. Olmos-Penuela,"Fostering Novelty while Reducing Failure: Balancing the Twin Challenges of Product Innovation", Technological Forecasting & Social Change, Vol.113, pp. 280-292, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.08.011
  31. D. M. Morris, "Innovation and Productivity among Heterogeneous Firms", Research policy, Vol.47, pp. 1918-1932, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.07.003
  32. J. Masso and P. Vahter, "Technological Innovation and Productivity in Late-transition Estonia: Econometrics Evidence From Innovation Surveys", The European Journal of Development Research, Vol.20, No.2, pp. 240-261, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1126281
  33. A. Leiponen and J. Byma, "If you Cannot Block, You Better Run: Small firms, Cooperative Innovation, and Appropriation Strategies", Research Policy, Vol.38, No.9, pp. 1478-1488, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2009.06.003
  34. The Small and Medium Business Administration.Korea Federation of Small and Medium Business, 2014 Survey on Technology of SMEs, Seoul: Korea Federation of Small and Medium Business, 2014.
  35. M. S. Freel, "Patterns of Innovation and Skills in Small Firms", Technovation, Vol.25, No.2, pp. 123-134, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(03)00082-8
  36. A. Leiponen, "Skills and Innovation", International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol.23, No.5, pp. 303-323, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2005.03.005
  37. L. Santamaria, M. J. Nieto, A. Barge-Gil, "Beyond Formal R&D: Taking Advantage of Other Sources of Innovation in Low-and Medium-Technology Industries", Research Policy , Vol.38, No.3, pp. 507-517, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.10.004
  38. A. Barge-Gil, N. M. Jesus, L. Santamaria, "Hidden Innovators: The Role of Non-R&D Activities", Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 415-432, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2011.558400
  39. J. L. Hervas-Oliver, F. Sempere-Ripoll, C. Boronat-Moll, R. Rojas, "Technological Innovation without R&D: Unfolding the Extra Gains of Management Innovations on Technological Performance", Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol.27, No.1, pp. 19-38, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2014.944147
  40. E. P. Gallie and D. Legros, "French firms' Strategies for Protecting Their Intellectual Property", Research Policy, Vol.41, No.4, pp. 780-794, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.12.008
  41. W. M. Cohen and D. A. Levinthal, "Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.35, No.1, pp. 128-152, 1990. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2393553
  42. J. J. J. P. Jansen, F. A. J. Van Den Bosch, H. W. Volberda, "Managing Potential and Realized Absorptive Capacity: How Do Organizational Antecedents Matter?", Academy of Management Journal, Vol.48, No.6, pp. 999-1015, 2005. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.19573106
  43. P. J. Lane, B. R. Koka, S. Pathak, "The Reification of Absorptive Capacity: A Critical Review and Rejuvenation of the Construct", Academy Management Review, Vol.31, No.4, pp. 833-863, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/20159255
  44. H. J. Shon and M. S. Park, "Analysis of Corporate R&D Capability with Industrial's Innovation Trend", The Journal of Information Technology and Architecture, Vol.10, No.1, pp. 47-62, 2013.
  45. H. W. Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006.
  46. R. Belderbos, M. Carree, B. Diederen, B. Lokchin, B., R. Veugelers, "Heterogeneity in R&D Cooperation Strategies", International Journal of Industrial Organization , Vol.22, No.8-9, pp. 1237-1263, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2004.08.001
  47. C. Schmiedeberg, "Complementarities of Innovation Activities: An Empirical Analysis of the German Manufacturing Sector", Research Policy, Vol.37, No.9, pp. 1492-1503, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.07.008
  48. W. Bonte, "R&D and Productivity: Internal vs External R&D - Evidence from West German Manufacturing Industries", Economies on Innovation and New Technology , Vol.12, No.4, pp. 343-360, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10438590290018415
  49. B. G. Chun and B. J. Jo, "An Analysis of the Characteristics of Suppliers of Part Time Labor", Journal of Market Economy, Vol.43, No.2, pp. 67-99, 2014.
  50. J. J. Heckman, "Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error", Econometrica, Vol.47, No.1, pp. 153-161, 1971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w0172
  51. J. G. Cragg, "Some Statistical Model for Limited Dependent Variables with Application to the Demand for Durable Goods", Econometrica, Vol.39, No.5, pp. 829-844, 1971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1909582
  52. J. Tobin, "Estimation of Relationships for Limited Dependent Variables", Econometrica, Vol.26, No.1, pp. 24-36, 1958. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1907382
  53. P. A. Hansen and G. Serin, "Will Low Technology Products Disappear? The Hidden Innovation Processes in Low Technology Industries", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol.55, No.2, pp. 179-191, 1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1625(97)89490-5