Structural Engineering and Mechanics

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Wake-induced vibration of the hanger of a suspension bridge: Field measurements and theoretical modeling

  • Li, Shouying (Key Laboratory for Wind and Bridge Engineering of Hunan Province, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University) ;
  • Deng, Yangchen (Key Laboratory for Wind and Bridge Engineering of Hunan Province, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University) ;
  • Lei, Xu (Key Laboratory for Wind and Bridge Engineering of Hunan Province, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University) ;
  • Wu, Teng (Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo) ;
  • Chen, Zhengqing (Key Laboratory for Wind and Bridge Engineering of Hunan Province, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University)
  • Received : 2019.03.07
  • Accepted : 2019.05.23
  • Published : 2019.10.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The underlying mechanism of the wind-induced vibration of the hangers of the suspension bridges is still not fully understood at present and hence is comprehensively examined in this study. More specifically, a series of field measurements on the No. 2 hanger of the Xihoumen Bridge was first carefully conducted. Large amplitude vibrations of the hanger were found and the oscillation amplitude of the leeward cable was obviously larger than that of the windward cables. Furthermore, the trajectory of the leeward cable was close to an ellipse, which agreed well with the major characteristics of wake-induced vibration. Then, a theoretical model for the wake-induced vibration based on a 3-D continuous cable was established. To obtain the responses of the leeward cable, the finite difference method (FDM) was adopted to numerically solve the established motion equation. Finally, numerical simulations by using the structural parameters of the No. 2 hanger of the Xihoumen Bridge were carried out within the spatial range of $4{\leq}X{\leq}10$ and $0{\leq}Y{\leq}4$ with a uniform interval of ${\Delta}X={\Delta}Y=0.25$. The results obtained from numerical simulations agreed well with the main features obtained from the field observations on the Xihoumen Bridge. This observation indicates that the wake-induced vibration might be one of the reasons for the hanger oscillation of the suspension bridge. In addition, the effects of damping ratio and windward cable movement on the wake-induced vibration of the leeward cable were numerically investigated.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : National Natural Science Foundation of China, Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation

References

  1. Akosile, O.O. and Sumner, D. (2003), "Staggered circular cylinders immersed in a uniform planar shear flow", J. Fluids Struct., 18, 613-633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2003.07.014.
  2. Alam, M.M., Moriya, M., Takai, K. and Sakamoto, H. (2003), "Fluctuating fluid forces acting on two circular cylinders in a tandem arrangement at a subcritical Reynolds number", J. Wind Eng. Industrial Aerodynam., 91, 139-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00341-0.
  3. Arie, M., Kiya, M., Moriya, M. and Mori, H. (1983), "Pressure fluctuations on the surface of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement", J. Fluid. Eng., 105, 161-167. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3240956.
  4. Armin, M., Khorasanchi, M. and Day, S. (2018), "Wake interference of two identical oscillating cylinders in tandem: An experimental study", Ocean Eng., 166, 311-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.08.012.
  5. Assi, G. R. S. (2014), "Wake-induced vibration of tandem cylinders of different diameters", J. Fluids Struct., 50, 329-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2014.07.001.
  6. Assi, G. R. S., Bearman, P. W. and Meneghini, J. R. (2010), "On the wake-induced vibration of tandem circular cylinders: the vortex interaction excitation mechanism", J. Fluid. Mech., 661(4), 365-401. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112010003095.
  7. Assi, G.R.S., Bearman, P.W., Carmo, B.S., Meneghini, J.R., Sherwin, S.J. and Willden, R.H.J. (2013), "The role of wake stiffness on the wake-induced vibration of the downstream cylinder of a tandem pair", J. Fluid. Mech., 718(3), 210-245. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.606.
  8. Chen, W. L., Gao, D. L., Li, H. and Hu, H. (2018), "Wake-flowinduced vibrations of vertical hangers behind the tower of a long-span suspension bridge", Eng. Struct., 169, 188-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.05.049.
  9. Chen, Z. Q., Lei, X., Hua, X. G., Li, S. Y., Yan, Y. X., Wen, Q. and Niu H. W. (2016), "Research and application of vibration control method for hanger cables in long-span suspension bridge", J. Hunan University (Natural Science), 43(1), 1-10.
  10. Deng, Y. C., Li, S. Y. and Chen, Z. Q. (2019a), "Unsteady theoretical analysis on the wake-induced vibration of the hangers of suspension bridges", J. Bridge Eng., https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001339.
  11. Deng, Y. C., Li, S. Y., Yan, J. T. and Chen, Z. Q. (2019b), "A Comparative Study on the Aerodynamic Stability of Two Kinds of Hanger of Suspension Bridge", China Civi Eng. J., 52(1), 82-88.
  12. Du, X. Q., Zhao, Y., Chen, S. R., Daichin and Jiang. B. J. (2017), "Effects of surface roughness on wake-induced vibrations of two parallel cables", 9th Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand, December.
  13. Fujino, Y., Kimura, K. and Tanaka, H. (2012), Wind Resistant Design of Bridges in Japan: Developments and Practices, Springer, New York.
  14. Greco, F., Lonetti, P. and Pascuzzo, A. (2013), "Dynamic analysis of cable-stayed bridges affected by accidental failure mechanisms under moving loads", Math. Problems Eng., https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/302706.
  15. Gu, Z. F. and Sun, T. F. (1999), "On interference between two circular cylinders in staggered arrangement at high subcritical Reynolds numbers", J. Wind Eng. Industrial Aerodynam., 80, 287-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00205-0.
  16. Hua, X. G., Chen, Z. Q., Lei, X., Wen, Q. and Niu, H. W. (2019), "Monitoring and control of wind-induced vibrations of hanger ropes of a suspension bridge", Smart Struct. Syst., 23(6), 125- 141. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.23.6.683.
  17. Igarashi, T. (1981), "Characteristics of the flow around two circular cylinders arranged in tandem (1st report)", Bullet. JSME, 24, 323-331. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsme1958.24.323.
  18. Igarashi, T. (1984), "Characteristics of the flow around two circular cylinders arranged in tandem (second report, unique flow phenomenon at small spacing)", Bullet. JSME, 27, 2380- 2387. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsme1958.27.2380.
  19. Irvine, H. M. (1981), Cable Structure, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, United Kingdom.
  20. Kim, S., Alam, M. M., Sakamoto, H. and Zhou, Y. (2009), "Flowinduced vibrations of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement. part 1: characteristics of vibration", J. Wind Eng. Industrial Aerodynam., 97(5), 304-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2009.07.004.
  21. Laursen, E., Bitsch, N. and Andersen, J. E. (2005), "Analysis and mitigation of large amplitude cable vibrations at the Great Belt East Bridge", IABSE Symposium Report, 91(3), 64-71. https://doi.org/10.2749/222137806796236015
  22. Li, Y. L., Tang, H. J., Lin, Q. M.,and Chen, X. Z. (2017), "Vortexinduced vibration of suspenders in the wake of bridge tower by numerical simulation and wind tunnel test", J. Wind Eng. Industrial Aerodynam., 164, 164-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.02.017.
  23. Li, S. Y., Chen, Z. Q. and Li, S. K., (2014), "Theoretical investigation on rain-wind induced vibration of a continuous stay cable with given rivulet motion", Wind Struct., 19(5), 481-503. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/was.2014.19.5.481.
  24. Li, S.Y., Xiao, C.Y., Wu, T. and Chen, Z.Q. (2019), "Aerodynamic interference between the cables of the suspension bridge hanger", Adv. Struct. Eng., 19(5), 481-503. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433218820623.
  25. Lonetti, P. and Pascuzzo, A. (2014), "Vulnerability and failure analysis of hybrid cable-stayed suspension bridges subjected to damage mechanisms", Eng. Failure Anal., 45, 470-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2014.07.002.
  26. Lonetti, P., F., Pascuzzo, A. and Davanzo, A. (2016). "Dynamic Behavior of Tied-Arch Bridges under the Action of Moving Loads", Math. Problems Eng., http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2749720
  27. Mysa, R. C., Kaboudian, A. and Jaiman, R. K. (2016), "On the origin of wake-induced vibration in two tandem circular cylinders at low Reynolds number", J. Fluids Struct., 61, 76-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2015.11.004.
  28. Mysa, R. C., Law, Y. Z. and Jaiman, R. K. (2017), "Interaction dynamics of upstream vortex with vibrating tandem circular cylinder at subcritical Reynolds number", J. Fluids Struct., 75, 27-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2017.08.001.
  29. Paidoussis, M. P., Price, S. J. and Langre, E. D. (2011), Fluid-Structure Interactions: Cross-flow-induced Instabilities, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.
  30. Qin, B., Alam, M. M., Ji, C., Liu, Y. and Xu, S. (2018), "Flowinduced vibrations of two cylinders of different natural frequencies", Ocean Eng., 155, 189-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.02.048.
  31. Sumner, D., Price, S. J. and Paidoussis, M. P. (2000), "Flowpattern identification for two staggered circular cylinders in cross-flow", J. Fluid. Mech., 411(411), 263-303. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112099008137.
  32. Sumner, D. and Richards, M.D. (2003), "Some vortex-shedding characteristics of the staggered configuration of circular cylinders", J. Fluids Struct., 17, 345-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-9746(02)00145-7.
  33. Sumner, D., Richards, M.D. and Akosile, O.O. (2005), "Two staggered circular cylinders of equal diameter in cross-flow", J. Fluids Struct., 20, 255-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2004.10.006.
  34. Wen, Q., Hua, X. G., Chen, Z. Q. and Niu, H. W. (2018), "Experimental study of wake-induced instability of coupled parallel hanger ropes for suspension bridges", Eng. Struct., 167 (15), 175-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.04.023.
  35. Yagi, T., Arima, M., Araki, S., Ogawa, S., Kosugi, T., Zain, M. R. M. and Shirato, H. (2015), "Investigation on wake-induced instabilities of parallel circular cylinders based on unsteady aerodynamic forces", 14th International Conference on Wind Engineering-Porto Alegre, Brazil.
  36. Zdravkovich, M.M. (1987), "The effects of interference between circular cylinders in cross flow", J. Fluids Struct., 1, 239-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-9746(87)90355-0.
  37. Zhang, H. and Melbourne, W.H. (1992), "Interference between two circular cylinders in tandem in turbulent flow", J. Wind Eng. Industrial Aerodynam., 41(1-3), 589-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90468-P.
  38. Zhang, Z. T., Wu, X. B., Chen, Z. Q. and Ge, Y. J. (2016), "Mechanism of hanger oscillation at suspension bridges: buffeting-induced resonance", J. Bridge Eng., 21(3), 04015066. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000834.