DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Finite element modelling of back-to-back built-up cold-formed stainless-steel lipped channels under axial compression

  • Roy, Krishanu (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland) ;
  • Lau, Hieng Ho (Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology) ;
  • Lim, James B.P. (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland)
  • 투고 : 2018.12.19
  • 심사 : 2019.09.24
  • 발행 : 2019.10.10

초록

In cold-formed steel structures, such as trusses, wall frames and portal frames, the use of back-to-back built-up cold-formed stainless-steel lipped channels as compression members are becoming increasingly popular. The advantages of using stainless-steel as structural members are corrosion resistance and durability, compared with carbon steel. The AISI/ASCE Standard, SEI/ASCE-8-02 and AS/NZS do not include the design of stainless-steel built-up channels and very few experimental tests or finite element analyses have been reported in the literature for such back-to back cold-formed stainless-steel channels. Current guidance by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and the Australian and New Zealand (gAS/NZS) standards for built-up carbon steel sections only describe a modified slenderness approach, to consider the spacing of the intermediate fasteners. Thus, this paper presents a numerical investigation on the behavior of back-to-back cold-formed stainless-steel built-up lipped channels. Three different grades of stainless steel i.e., duplex EN1.4462, ferritic EN1.4003 and austenitic EN1.4404 have been considered. Effect of screw spacing on the axial strength of such built-up channels was investigated. As expected, most of the short and intermediate columns failed by either local-global or local-distortional buckling interactions, whereas the long columns, failed by global buckling. All three grades of stainless-steel stub columns failed by local buckling. A comprehensive parametric study was then carried out covering a wide range of slenderness and different cross-sectional geometries to assess the performance of the current design guidelines by AISI and AS/NZS. In total, 647 finite element models were analyzed. From the results of the parametric study, it was found that the AISI & AS/NZS are conservative by around 10 to 20% for cold-formed stainless-steel built-up lipped channels failed through overall buckling, irrespective of the stainless-steel grades. However, the AISI and AS/NZS can be un-conservative by around 6% for all three grades of stainless-steel built-up channels, which failed by local buckling.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. ABAQUS (2018), Version 6.14-2, USA: SIMULIA, Providence, RI, USA.
  2. Afshan, S., Rossi, B. and Gardner, L. (2013), "Strength enhancements in cold-formed structural sections - Part I: Material testing", J. Constr. Steel Res., 83, 177-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2012.12.008
  3. American Iron and Steel Institute (2012), North American specification for the design of cold-formed Steel Structural Members; NAS S100.
  4. American Society of Civil Engineers (2002), Specification for the design of cold-formed stainless steel structural members; SEI/ASCE 8-02.
  5. Ananthi, G., Roy, K. and Lim, J.B. (2019), "Experimental and numerical investigations on axial strength of back-to-back builtup cold-formed steel angle columns", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 31(6), 601-615. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.31.6.601
  6. Anbarasu, M., Kanagarasu, K. and Sukumar, S. (2015), "Investigation on the behaviour and strength of cold-formed steel web stiffened built-up battened columns", Mater. Struct., 48(12),4029-4038. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0463-8
  7. Arrayago, I., Real, E. and Gardner, L. (2015), "Description of stress-strain curves for stainless steel alloys", Mater. Des., 87, 540-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.001
  8. Ashraf, M., Gardner, L. and Nethercot, D.A. (2005), "Strength enhancement of the corner regions of stainless steel crosssections", J. Constr. Steel Res., 61(1), 37-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.06.001
  9. Aslani, F. and Goel, S.C. (1991), "An analytical criterion for buckling strength of built-up compression members", J. Struct. Eng. Am. Soc. Civil Engr.,28(4), 159-168.
  10. Baddoo, N.R. (2008), "Stainless steel in construction: a review of research, applications, challenges and opportunities", J. Constr. Steel Res., 64(11), 1199-1206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2008.07.011
  11. Becque, J. and Rasmussen, K.J. (2009), "Experimental investigation of the interaction of local and overall buckling of stainless steel I-columns", J. Struct. Eng. Am. Soc. Civil Engr., 135(11), 1340-1348. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000051
  12. Biggs, K.A., Ramseyer, C., Ree, S. and Kang, T.H.K. (2015), "Experimental testing of cold-formed built-up members in pure compression", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 18(6), 1331-1351. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.18.6.1331
  13. BS EN (2001), Tensile testing of metallic materials method of test at ambient temperature; British Standards Institution.
  14. Chen, J. and Young, B. (2006), "Stress-strain curves for stainless steel at elevated temperatures", Eng. Struct., 28, 229-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.07.005
  15. Chen, B., Roy, K., Uzzaman, A., Raftery, G.M., Nash, D., Clifton, G.C., Pouladi, P. and Lim, J.B. (2019), "Effects of edge-stiffened web openings on the behaviour of cold-formed steel channel sections under compression", Thin-Wall. Struct., 144, 106307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.106307
  16. Dabaon, M., Ellobody, E. and Ramzy, K. (2015), "Nonlinear behavior of built-up cold-formed steel section battened columns", J. Constr. Steel Res., 110, 16-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.03.007
  17. Dai, X. and Lam, D. (2010), "Axial compressive behaviour of stub concrete-filled columns with elliptical stainless steel hollow sections", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 10(6), 517-539. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2010.10.6.517
  18. Dar, M.A., Sahoo, D.R., Pulikkal, S. and Jain, A.K. (2018a), "Behaviour of laced built-up cold-formed steel columns: Experimental investigation and numerical validation", Thin-Wall. Struct., 132, 398-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2018.09.012
  19. Dar, M.A., Subramanian, N., Anbarasu, M., Dar, A.R. and Lim, J.B. (2018b), "Structural performance of cold-formed steel composite beams", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 27(5), 545-554. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.27.5.545
  20. Dar, M.A., Subramanian, N., Dar, A.R., Anbarasu, M., Lim, J.B. and Atif, M. (2019), "Behaviour of partly stiffened cold-formed steel built-up beams: Experimental investigation and numerical validation", Adv. Struct. Eng., 22(1), 172-186. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433218782767
  21. Darcy, G. and Mahendran, M. (2008), "Development of a new cold-formed steel building system", Adv. Struct. Eng., 11(6), 661-677. https://doi.org/10.1260/136943308787543621
  22. Dobric, J., Markovic, Z., Buđevac, D., Spremic, M. and Fric, N. (2018a), "Resistance of cold-formed built-up stainless steel columns - Part I: Experiment", J. Constr. Steel Res., 145, 552-572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.02.026
  23. Dobric, J., Pavlovic, M., Markovic, Z., Buđevac, D. and Spremic, M. (2018b), "Resistance of cold-formed built-up stainless steel columns - Part II: Numerical simulation", J. Constr. Steel Res., 140, 247-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.10.032
  24. Fan, S., Liu, F., Zheng, B., Shu, G. and Tao, Y. (2014), "Experimental study on bearing capacity of stainless steel lipped C section stub columns", Thin-Wall. Struct., 83, 70-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2014.02.002
  25. Fratamico, D.C., Torabian, S., Zhao, X., Rasmussen, K.J. and Schafer, B.W. (2018), "Experiments on the global buckling and collapse of built-up cold-formed steel columns", J. Constr. Steel Res., 144, 65-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.01.007
  26. Gardner, L. and Nethercot, D.A. (2004a), "Experiments on stainless steel hollow sections - Part 2: Member behaviour of columns and beams", J. Constr. Steel Res., 60(9), 1319-1332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2003.11.007
  27. Gardner, L. and Nethercot, D.A. (2004b), "Numerical modeling of stainless steel structural components-a consistent approach", J. Struct. Eng. Am. Soc. Civil Engr., 130(10), 1586-1601. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:10(1586)
  28. Gardner, L., Talja, A. and Baddoo, N.R. (2006), "Structural design of high-strength austenitic stainless steel", Thin-Wall. Struct., 44(5), 517-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2006.04.014
  29. Hasan, M.J., Ashraf, M. and Uy, B. (2017), "Moment-rotation behaviour of top-seat angle bolted connections produced from austenitic stainless", J. Constr. Steel Res., 136, 149-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.05.014
  30. Jiang, L., Feng, Y., Zhou, W. and He, B. (2018), "Analysis on natural vibration characteristics of steel-concrete composite truss beam", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 26(1), 79-87. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.26.1.079
  31. Kanishchev, R. and Kvocak, V. (2019), "Local buckling of rectangular steel tubes filled with concrete", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 31(2), 201-216. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.31.2.201
  32. Kiymaz, G. and Seckin, E. (2014), "Behavior and design of stainless steel tubular member welded end connections", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 17(3), 253-269. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2014.17.3.253
  33. Lawson, R.M., Way, A.G., Heywood, M., Lim, J.B., Johnston, R. and Roy, K. (2019), "Stability of light steel walls in compression with plasterboards on one or both sides", Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Building, https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.18.00118
  34. Macdonald, M., Rhodes, J. and Kotelko, M. (2007), "Stainless steel stub columns subject to combined bending and axial loading", Thin-Wall. Struct., 45(10-11), 893-897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2007.08.044
  35. Mathison, C., Roy, K., Clifton, G.C., Ahmadi, A., Masood, R. and Lim, J.B. (2019), "Novel pin jointed moment connection for cold-formed steel trusses", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 31(5), 453-467. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.31.5.453
  36. Rasmussen, K.J.R. and Hancock, G.J. (1993), "Design of cold-formed stainless steel tubular members. I: columns", J. Struct. Eng.Am. Soc. Civil Engr., 119(8), 2349-2367. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:8(2368)
  37. Reyes, W. and Guzman, A. (2011), "Evaluation of the slenderness ratio in built-up cold formed box sections", J. Constr. Steel Res., 67(6), 929-935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2011.02.003
  38. Rossi, B., Afshan, S. and Gardner, L. (2013), "Strength enhancements in cold-formed structural sections - Part II: Predictive models", J. Constr. Steel Res., 83, 189-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2012.12.007
  39. Roy, K. and Lim, J.B. (2019), "Numerical investigation into the buckling behaviour of face-to-face built-up cold-formed stainless steel channel sections under axial compression", Structures, 20, 42-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2019.02.019
  40. Roy, K., Lau, H.H. and Lim, J.B. (2018a), "Numerical investigations on the axial capacity of back-to-back gapped builtup cold-formed stainless steel channels", Adv. Struct. Eng., 22(10), 2289-2310. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433219837390
  41. Roy, K., Ting, T.C.H., Lau, H.H. and Lim, J.B. (2018b), "Nonlinear behavior of axially loaded back-to-back built-up cold-formed steel un-lipped channel sections", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 28(2), 233-250. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.28.2.233
  42. Roy, K., Ting, T.C.H., Lau, H.H. and Lim, J.B. (2018c), "Effect of thickness on the behaviour of axially loaded back-to-back coldformed steel built-up channel sections - Experimental and numerical investigation", Structures, 16, 327-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2018.09.009
  43. Roy, K., Ting, T.C., Lau, H.H. and Lim, J.B. (2018d), "Effect of screw spacing into the behaviour of back-to-back cold-formed duplex stainless steel built-up channel sections under compression", Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Research and Practice for Steel Construction 2018 (ICSC2018), Hong Kong, China, September.
  44. Roy, K., Ting, T.C.H., Lau, H.H. and Lim, J.B. (2018e), "Nonlinear behaviour of back-to-back gapped built-up coldformed steel channel sections under compression", J. Constr. Steel Res., 147, 257-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.04.007
  45. Roy, K., Mohammadjani, C. and Lim, J.B. (2019a), "Experimental and numerical investigation into the behaviour of face-to-face built-up cold-formed steel channel sections under compression", Thin-Wall. Struct., 134, 291-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2018.09.045
  46. Roy, K., Ting, T.C.H., Lau, H.H. and Lim, J.B. (2019b), "Experimental and numerical investigations on the axial capacity of cold-formed steel built-up box sections", J. Constr. Steel Res., 160, 411-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.05.038
  47. Roy, K., Lim, J.B., Lau, H.H., Yong, P.M., Clifton, G.C., Wrzesien, A. and Mei, C.C. (2019c), "Collapse behaviour of a fire engineering designed single-storey cold- formed steel building in severe fires", Thin-Wall. Struct., 140, 340-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.04.046
  48. Schafer, B.W. (2002), "Local, distortional and euler buckling of thin-walled columns", J. Struct. Eng. Am. Soc. Civil Engr., 128(3), 289-299. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:3(289)
  49. Standards Australia (2005), Cold-Formed Steel Structures; AS/NZS 4600:2005, Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand.
  50. Stone, T.A. and LaBoube, R.A. (2005), "Behaviour of cold-formed steel built-up I-sections", Thin-Wall. Struct., 43(12), 1805-1817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2005.09.001
  51. Theofanous, M., Chan, T.M. and Gardner, L. (2009), "Structural response of stainless steel oval hollow section compression members", Eng. Struct., 31(4), 922-934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.12.002
  52. Ting, T.C.H., Roy, K., Lau, H.H. and Lim, J.B. (2018), "Effect of screw spacing on behavior of axialy loaded back-to-back coldformed steel built-up channel sections", Adv. Struct. Eng., 21(3), 474-487. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433217719986
  53. Whittle, J. and Ramseyer, C. (2009), "Buckling capacities of axially loaded, cold-formed, built-up channels", Thin-Wall. Struct., 47(2), 190-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2008.05.014
  54. Yang, L., Zhao, M., Chan, T.M., Shang, F. and Xu, D. (2016), "Flexural buckling of welded austenitic and duplex stainless steel I-section columns", J. Constr. Steel Res., 122, 339-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.04.007
  55. Young, B. and Chen, J. (2008), "Design of cold-formed steel builtup closed sections with intermediate stiffeners", J. Struct. Eng.Am. Soc. Civil Engr., 134(5), 727-737. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:5(727)
  56. Young, B. and Liu, Y. (2003), "Experimental investigation of coldformed stainless steel columns", J. Struct. Eng.Am. Soc. Civil Engr., 129(2), 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:2(169)
  57. Yuan, H.X., Wang, Y.Q., Shi, Y.J. and Gardner, L. (2014), "Stub column tests on stainless steel built-up sections", Thin-Wall. Struct., 83, 103-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2014.01.007
  58. Zhang, J.H. and Young, B. (2012), "Compression tests of coldformed steel I-shaped open sections with edge and web stiffeners", Thin-Wall. Struct., 52, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2011.11.006
  59. Zhou, F., Chen, Y. and Young, B. (2013), "Cold-formed high strength stainless steel cross-sections in compression considering interaction effects of constituent plate elements", J. Constr. Steel Res., 80, 32-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2012.09.004

피인용 문헌

  1. Stability analysis of cold-formed channels using mathematical programming techniques vol.16, pp.6, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1108/mmms-11-2019-0207
  2. Numerical calculation and test of the composite materials under dynamic loading vol.38, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2021.38.1.079
  3. Parametric study and Improved design guidelines of CFS battened built-up columns vol.40, pp.5, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2021.40.5.733