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수학 교육과정 국제 비교·분석 연구 - 한국, 싱가포르, 영국, 호주, 미국의 각 관련 내용 중심으로

An International Comparison study in Mathematics Curriculum - Contents for Angle among the Korea, Singapore U.K., Australia and U.S.

  • 투고 : 2019.07.22
  • 심사 : 2019.08.23
  • 발행 : 2019.09.30

초록

각 개념은 교육과정 전반에 걸쳐 나타나는 개념이며, 기하 단원에서 기본적인 개념이다. 각은 다면적인 성격을 갖고 있으며 이후 학습에 영향을 주므로 학생들이 다양한 각 개념을 이해하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 싱가포르, 영국, 호주, 미국을 비교 대상국가로 정하여 교육과정에서 나타나는 각 관련 내용 요소와 학습시기를 전체적으로 살펴 본 뒤 각에 대한 관점과 각의 크기 측면을 상세하게 살펴보고 이를 바탕으로 우리나라 교육과정에 시사점을 주고자 한다. 분석 결과 우리나라를 제외한 4개국은 보각, 여각, 직선 위의 각, 한 점에서의 각, 각도 구하기를 교육과정에 명시하여 다루고 있으며, 특정 학년에서 집중적으로 각 관련 내용을 학습하는 우리나라에 비해 대부분의 국가가 여러 학년에 걸쳐 점진적으로 각 관련 내용을 다루고 있었다. 대부분의 국가가 각의 정의는 정적인 관점에서, 각의 크기는 동적인 관점에서 서술하고 있었으며, 동적인 관점을 초등학교에서 도입하는 다른 국가에 비해 우리나라는 비교적 늦은 중학교에서 동적인 관점이 처음으로 나타났다. 교육과정에서 다루는 각의 크기의 범위는 우리나라가 다른 국가보다 좁았다. 이를 통해 우리나라 교육과정에 각의 성질과 관련된 다양한 내용 요소를 어떻게 배치하고 전개해 나갈지 논의할 것, 각의 다면적인 성격을 고려하여 정적인 관점뿐만 아니라 동적인 관점을 모두 활용하여 각을 다룰 것, 회전량으로서 각의 크기를 도입하여 우각 및 $180^{\circ}$, $360^{\circ}$ 크기의 각을 학습할 것을 제안한다.

Angle concept is widely used in all mathematics curriculums and is a basic concept in geometric domain. Since angle have a multifaceted and affect subsequent learning, it is necessary for students to understand various angle concepts. In this study, Singapore, U.K., Australia, and U.S. are selected as comparable countries to examine the angle-related contents and learning process that appear in the curriculum as a whole, and then look at the perspectives and the size aspects of angle in detail and give implications to the Korean curriculum based on them. According to the analysis, the four countries except Korea, supplement angle, complement angle, angles on a straight line, angles at a point, and finding angle were explicitly covered in the curriculum. And most countries gradually covered angle-related contents over several years, compared to Korea which intensively studied in a particular school year. In common, definition of angle was described as static, measurement of angle was described as dynamic. But in Korean curriculum, dynamic views on angles are described later and less compared to other countries, and range of angle size was narrower than in other countries'. From this comparison, this study suggest to discuss how to place and develop various contents of characteristics of angle in curriculum, address the angle using both static and dynamic perspectives, and introduce the angle size as the amount of rotation to learn the reflex angle, $180^{\circ}$, $360^{\circ}$ angle.

키워드

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