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Analysis of growth environment by smart farm cultivation of oyster mushroom 'Chunchu No 2'

병재배 느타리버섯 '춘추 2호'의 스마트팜 재배를 통한 생육환경 분석

  • Lee, Chan-Jung (Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Park, Hye-Sung (Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Eun-Ji (Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Kong, Won-Sik (Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Yu, Byeong-Kee (Smart Farm Development Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA)
  • 이찬중 (국립원예특작과학원 버섯과) ;
  • 박혜성 (국립원예특작과학원 버섯과) ;
  • 이은지 (국립원예특작과학원 버섯과) ;
  • 공원식 (국립원예특작과학원 버섯과) ;
  • 유병기 (국립농업과학원 스마트팜개발과)
  • Received : 2019.09.05
  • Accepted : 2019.09.24
  • Published : 2019.09.30

Abstract

This study aims to report the results for the analysis of the growth environment by applying smart farm technology to "Chunchu No 2" farmers in order to develop an optimal growth model for precision cultivation of bottle-grown oyster mushrooms. The temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and illumination data were collected and analyzed using an environmental sensor installed to obtain growth environment data from the oyster mushroom cultivator. Analysis of the collected temperature data revealed that the temperature at the time of granulation was $19.5^{\circ}C$ after scraping, and the mushroom was generated and maintained at about $21^{\circ}C$ until the bottle was flipped. When the fruiting body grew and approached harvest time, mushrooms were harvested while maintaining the temperature between $14^{\circ}C$ and $18^{\circ}C$. The humidity was maintained at almost 100% during the complete growth stage. Carbon dioxide concentration gradually increased until 3 days after the beginning of cultivation, and then increased rapidly to almost 5,500 ppm. From the 6th day, carbon dioxide concentration was gradually decreased through ventilation and was maintained at 1,600 ppm during harvest. Light intensity of 8 lux was irradiated up to day 6 after seeding, and growth was then continued while periodically irradiating 4 lux light. The fruiting body characteristics of "Chunchu No 2" cultivated in the farmhouse were as follows: pileus diameter of 26.5 mm and thickness of 4.9 mm, stipe thickness of 8.9 mm, and length of 68.7 mm. The fruiting body yield was 166.8 g/850 ml, and the individual weight was 12.8 g/10 units.

본 연구를 통해 병 재배 느타리버섯 '춘추2호'의 정밀 재배를 위한 최적 생육모델 개발하기 위하여 느타리 농가를 대상으로 스마트팜 기술을 적용하여 생육환경을 분석한 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 실험 농가의 균상면적은 $114m^2$, 균상형태는 2열 5단, 냉동기는 10마력, 단열은 샌드위치 판넬 100T, 가습기는 초음파 가습기 2대, 난방은 10KW를 사용하였고, 5,500병을 입병하여 재배하고 있었다. 느타리버섯 재배농가에서 생육환경 데이터를 수집하기 위하여 설치한 환경센서부로 부터 버섯의 생육에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 온도, 습도, 이산화탄소 농도, 조도 등을 수집 분석하였다. 온도는 균 긁기한 후 입상시 $19.5^{\circ}C$에서 시작하여 버섯이 발생되어 병을 뒤집기 후 5일차까지 거의 $21^{\circ}C$를 유지하고 자실체가 자라서 수확기에 가까워지면 $18^{\circ}C$에서 $14^{\circ}C$를 유지하면서 버섯을 수확하였다. 습도는 균 긁기한 후 입상시 거의 100%에 가까웠고, 버섯 발생 및 생육과정 중에도 습도는 거의 95~100%를 유지하였다. 이산화탄소농도는 입상후 5일까지는 최고 5,500 ppm까지 증가하였고, 6일차부터는 환기를 통해 단계적으로 농도를 낮추어 수확기에는 1,600 ppm을 유지하였다. 조도는 입상후 6일차까지는 8 lux의 빛을 조사하였고, 그 이후 주기적으로 4 lux의 빛을 조사하면서 생육을 진행하였다. 농가에 재배하고 있는 '춘추2호'의 자실체 특성은 갓 직경은 26.5 mm, 갓 두께는 4.9 mm이며, 대 굵기는 8.9 mm, 대 길이는 68.7 mm였다. 대 경도는 3.9 g/mm, 갓 경도는 0.9 g/mm였고, 대와 갓의 L값은 78.2와 60.5이였다. 자실체 수량은 166.8 g/850 ml였고, 개체중은 12.8 g/10 unit였다.

Keywords

References

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