Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association (유기물자원화)

Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association (유기성자원학회)
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Effect of Homemade Liquid Fertilizers on Chemical Property and Microbial Activity of Soil and Cucumber Growth

자가제조 액비처리가 토양 화학성과 미생물상 및 오이의 생장에 미치는 영향

  • Jung, Ji-Sik (Department of Horticulture, Daegu Catholic University) ;
  • Jung, Seok-Kyu (Department of Horticulture, Daegu Catholic University) ;
  • Choi, Hyun-Sug (Department of Horticulture, Daegu Catholic University)
  • 정지식 (대구가톨릭대학교 원예학과) ;
  • 정석규 (대구가톨릭대학교 원예학과) ;
  • 최현석 (대구가톨릭대학교 원예학과)
  • Received : 2019.05.09
  • Accepted : 2019.08.02
  • Published : 2019.09.30
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Abstract

The study was conducted to compare the chemical properties and microbial activity of soil and the crop productivity by applying homemade liquid fertilizers (LF) used in leading cucumber farms as well as to evaluate the eco-friendly LFs to substitute for a chemical fertilizer. Three homemade LFs, EM, starfish, and native microbes, and a chemical LF were regularly fertigated per three days during the growing season. Chemical LF contained the highest pH, EC (electrical conductivity), and concentrations of T-N, $P_2O_5$, K, Ca, and Mg, while the lowest EC level was observed for EM LF. Soil EC was the highest to the 3.0 dS/m for chemical LF-plots, with lowering soil pH, OM (organic matter), and Mg concentration. Soil chemical properties mostly increased in native microbes LF-plots. However, soil microbial properties were not significantly different among the LF treatment plots. OTU (operational taxonomic units), richness estimator, and diversity index of bacteria and fungi increased in the chemical LF and EM LF based on the pyrosequencing analysis. SPAD and PS II values on the treated-cucumber leaves were seasonally decreased from 32 to 60 days after transplanting, with the rapid decline observed at 45 days after transplanting. Number of leaves and crop height increased in the treatments with EM and native microbes LF. LF treated-cucumber crops were not significantly different for total fresh weight and fruit yield.

본 연구는 오이 선도 농가에서 이용되는 3 종류의 자가제조 액비와 화학비료 액비를 처리하였을 때 토양화학성 및 미생물상과 작물의 생장에 미치는 영향을 비교하여 화학비료를 대체할 만한 친환경적인 자가제조 액비를 구명하고자 수행되었다. 농가에서 자가제조 되고 있는 EM 미생물, 불가사리, 토착 미생물 액비를 수집하여 화학비료와 함께 적정 농도로 희석한 후, 재배기간 동안 3일에 1회 관주 처리하였다. 액비 자재의 이화학성을 분석한 결과, pH, EC, 전질소, 인산, 칼륨, 칼슘, 마그네슘 농도는 화학비료 액비에서 가장 높았고, EC는 EM 자재에서 가장 낮았다. 토양 내 EC는 화학비료 액비 처리구에서 3.0 dS/m으로 염류집적 증상을 보였으나, 토양 pH와 유기물함량, 그리고 치환성 마그네슘 농도는 오히려 가장 낮았다. 토착 미생물 액비처리는 토양 화학성에 영향을 주는 요소들을 대부분 증가 시켰으나, 토양 미생물상은 처리구 간에 비슷한 수준이 관찰되었다. 파이로시퀀싱 기법을 통한 토양 내 세균과 곰팡이의 OTU와 종 풍부도 및 다양성 지수는 화학비료와 EM 액비 처리구에서 가장 높게 관찰되었다. 작물의 SPAD와 광계II 활성은 모든 처리구에서 정식 후 32일부터 60일까지 시기별로 감소하였고 특히 45일 이후에 뚜렷하게 감소하였다. 잎 수와 초장은 EM과 토착미생물 액비 처리구에서 높게 나타났다. 액비 처리에 따른 총 신선중과 수량은 통계적으로 유의성 있는 차이가 관찰되지 않았다.

Keywords

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