The Journal of the Korea Contents Association (한국콘텐츠학회논문지)

The Korea Contents Association (한국콘텐츠학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of Usefulness of Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) by Comparison Analysis of Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) and Entropy in Clinical Application of Digital Radiography (DR)

디지털 방사선 시스템의 노출 유형에 따른 임상 적용 시 입사표면선량 및 Entropy 비교분석을 통한 자동노출제어장치의 유용성 평가

  • 최지안 (경희대학교병원 영상의학과) ;
  • 황준호 (경희대학교병원 영상의학과) ;
  • 이경배 (경희대학교병원 영상의학과)
  • Received : 2019.06.05
  • Accepted : 2019.07.10
  • Published : 2019.08.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of automatic exposure control (AEC) by analyzing entrance surface dose (ESD) and entropy on using automatic exposure and manual exposure. The experimental method was to measure the dose by placing a semiconductor dosimeter on the Rando Phantom for the Pelvis, Abdomen, Skull, and Chest regions. The DICOM file was simultaneously acquired and then entropy was analyzed by using Matlab. As a result, when using the automatic exposure control, dose of all sites was lower than manual exposure's dose and entropy was high. In addition, paired t-test was performed for each item and p<0.05 was found in each item. In conclusion, the use of automatic exposure control can be a useful method to contribute to the optimization of the exposure dose and the image quality by reducing the amount of unnecessary radiation amount and information loss that can occur in X-ray examination.

본 연구는 자동노출제어장치(Automatic Exposure Control, AEC)와 수동노출 이용 시 입사표면선량(Entrance Surface Dose, ESD)과 Entropy를 분석하여 자동노출제어장치의 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 실험방법은 Skull, Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis 부위에 대하여 란도팬텀(Rando Phantom)에 반도체 선량계를 위치시켜 선량을 측정하였고, 동시에 획득한 DICOM(Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) 파일을 Matlab으로 Entropy 분석을 하였다. 그 결과 자동노출제어장치 이용 시 모든 부위의 입사표면선량이 수동노출보다 낮았고 Entropy 수치는 높았으며, paired t-test는 p<0.05로 유의한 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 자동노출제어장치의 사용은 X선 검사 시 발생할 수 있는 불필요한 방사선량과 정보의 손실량을 줄여서 피폭선량과 영상 화질의 최적화에 기여할 수 있는 유용한 방법이 될 수 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. ICRP, ICRP Publication 60, 1990.
  2. ICRP, ICRP Publication 105, 2007.
  3. ICRP, ICRP Publication 103, 2007.
  4. ICRP, ICRP Publication 93, 2004.
  5. J. H. Hwang and K. B. Lee, "A Study on the Quantitative Analysis Method through the Absorbed Dose and the Histogram in the Performance Evaluation of the Detector according to the Sensitivity Change of Auto Exposure Control(AEC) in DR(Digital Radiography)," J. of the Korea Contents Association, Vol.18, No.1, pp.232-240, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2018.18.01.232
  6. J. Yuan, H. Y. Chan, S. W. Fung, and B. Liu, "Digital Calibration Technique for highly Linear Wide Dynamic Range CMOS Imaging Sensor," Electronics Letters, Vol.45, No.9, pp.449-451, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2009.3253
  7. S. Jeff Shepard, Michael Flynn, Wang Jihong, Eric Gingold, Lee Godman, Kerry Krugh, David L. Leong, Eugene Mah, Kent Ogden, Donald Peck, Ehsan Samei, and Charles E. Willis, "An Exposure Indicator for Digital Radiography: AAPM Task Group 116(Executive Summary)," J. of Medical Physics, Vol.36, No.7, pp.2898-2914, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3121505
  8. Jaydev K. Dave, A. Kyle Jones, Ryan Fisher, Katie Hulme, Lynn Rill, David Zamora, Andrew Woodward, Samuel Brady, Robert D. MacDougall, Lee Goldman, Susan Lang, Donald Peck, Bruce Apgar, S. Jeff Shepard, Robert Uzenoff, and Charles Willis, "Current State of Practice regarding Digital Radiography Exposure Indicators and Deviation Indices: Report of AAPM Imaging Physics Committee Task Group 232," Medical Physics, Vol.45, No.11, pp.e1146-e1160, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.13212
  9. ICRP, ICRP Publication 135, 2017.
  10. J. H. Hwang, K. M. Jeong, J. A. Choi, H. S. Kim, and K. B. Lee, "A Study on Dose Reduction Method according to Slice Thickness Change using Automatic Exposure Controller and Manual Exposure in Intervention," J. of Radiological Science and Technology, Vol.41, No.2, pp.115-122, 2018. https://doi.org/10.17946/JRST.2018.41.2.115
  11. J. S. Lee, S. J. Ko, S. S. Kang, J. H. Kim, D. H. Kim, and C. S. Kim, "Quantitative Evaluation of Image Quality using Automatic Exposure Control & Sensitivity in the Digital Chest Image," J. of the Korea Contents Association, Vol.13, No.8, pp.275-283, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2013.13.08.275
  12. J. A. Choi, J. H. Hwang, and K. B. Lee, "Analysis of Dosimeter Error and Need for Calibration Guideline by Comparing the Dose Area of the Built-in Dose Area Product and the Moving Dose Area Product when using Automatic Exposure Controller in Intervention," J. of the Korea Contents Association, Vol.18, No.11, pp.508-515, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2018.18.11.508
  13. J. H. Hwang, J. A. Choi, H. S. Kim, and K. B. Lee, "A Study on the Dynamic Range Performance Evaluation Method of Detector with Variation of Tube Voltage and Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) in Digital Radiology (DR) - Focused on the Dynamic Step Wedge and Histogram Evaluation," J. of the Korea Contents Association, Vol.19, No.4, pp.368-380, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2019.19.04.368
  14. Du-Yih Tsai, Yongbum Lee, and Eri Matsuyama, "Information Entropy Measure for Evaluation of Image Quality," J. of Digit Imaging, Vol.21, No.3, pp.338-347, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-007-9044-5
  15. J. C. Yanch, R. H. Behrman, M. J. Hendricks, and J. H. McCall, "Increased Radiation Dose to Overweight and Obese Patients from Radiographic Examinations," Radiology, Vol.252, No.1, pp.128-139, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2521080141
  16. Ervin B. Podgorsak, Radiation Physics for Medical Physicists, Springer, 2016.
  17. E. Clarkson and J. B. Cushing, "Shannon Information and ROC Analysis in Imaging," J. of the Opticla Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision, Vol.32, No.7, pp.1288-1301, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.32.001288
  18. G. A. Sekh, A. Saha, and B. Talukdar, "Shannon Entropies and Fisher Information of K-Shell Electrons of Neutral Atoms," Physics Letters: A, Vol.382, No.5, pp.315-320, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2017.12.005
  19. R. C. Gonzalez, R. E. Woods, and S. L. Eddins, Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB, McGraw Hill, 2011.
  20. Ahmed S. Abutaleb, "Automatic Thresholding of Gray-Level Pictures using Two-Dimensional Entropy," Comput. Vision Graph, Vol.47, No.1, pp.22-32, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-189X(89)90051-0
  21. J. N. Kapur, P. K. Sahoo, and A. K. C Wong, "A New Method for Gray-Level Picture Thresholding using the Entropy of the Histogram," Comput. Vision Graph, Vol.29, No.3, pp.273-285, 1985. https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-189X(85)90125-2
  22. L. E. Antonuk, J. H. Siewerdsen, J. Yorkston, and W. huang, "Radiation Response of Amorphous Silicon Imaging Arrays at Diagnositc Energies," IEEE T NUCL SCI, Vol.41, No.4, pp.1500-1505, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.322938
  23. C. Studholme, D. L. G. Hill, and D. J. Hawkes, "An Overlap Invariant Entropy Measure of 3D Medical Image Alignment," J. of the Pattern Recogn, Vol.32, No.1, pp.71-86, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3203(98)00091-0
  24. G. Dougherty, Digital Image Processing for Medical Applications, Cambridge, 2009.