Fig. 1. Inaccuracy of terminal voltage according to temperature variation.
Fig. 2. First-order RC-ladder model of battery equivalent circuit.
Fig. 4. Lookup table of parameters according to the room(25℃) and low(-20℃) temperatures.
Fig. 5. Comparison of online update algorithms.
Fig. 6. Experimental set up for verification.
Fig. 7. Battery equivalent circuit model parameters estimated by EKF and RLS on simulation.
Fig. 8. Results of terminal voltage by NEDC profile at room temperature(25℃).
Fig. 9. Results of terminal voltage by NEDC profile at low temperature(-20℃).
Fig. 10. Complexity comparison by MATLAB static code analysis.
Fig. 3. Current profile for parameters identification.
TABLE I SPECIFICATIONS OF BATTERY CELLS
TABLE II ESTIMATION ERROR AND COMPLEXITY OF ONLINE UPDATE TECHNIQUES
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