The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy (대한지역사회작업치료학회지)

Korean Society of Community Based Occupational Therapy Association (대한지역사회작업치료학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effects of Leisure Activities on Depression, Self-Respect and Sleep Quality in the Elderly with Sleep Disorder

여가활동이 수면장애 노인의 우울, 자존감, 수면의 질에 미치는 영향

  • 김동현 (김천대학교 작업치료학과) ;
  • 김형민 (김천대학교 작업치료학과)
  • Received : 2019.01.12
  • Accepted : 2019.03.15
  • Published : 2019.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the leisure experience, leisure identity, depression, and self-respect of the elderly with sleep disorders through leisure activities. Methods : The elderly with sleep disorders were applied for more than 4 weeks from March to July, 2018. Depression, self-respect, and sleep quality before and after the application of leisure activities were analyzed by the corresponding sample t test. The leisure experience, leisure identity, and change in leisure activities were analyzed by SEM(structural wearing model analysis through confirmatory factor analysis. Results : The results of this study are as follows. First, there was a significant difference in depression level before and after leisure activities (p = .000). Second, there was no significant difference in self-respect before and after leisure activities (p = .182). Third, there was a significant difference in the quality of sleep before and after leisure activities (p = .000). Fourth, the effects of leisure experience, leisure identity, and change on leisure activities showed that leisure experience influenced leisure identity and change. However, leisure identity affected depression and sleep quality among the factors of change. Conclusion : A decrease in the quality of sleep that can occur in the elderly can affect the quality of life. It was found through experiments that the leisure activities of elderly people with sleep disorder can bring about positive changes in depression level and sleep quality of the elderly.

목적 : 본 연구는 여가활동을 통한 수면장애노인의 여가경험, 여가정체성, 우울, 자존감의 관계를 규명하고 이에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법 : 2018년 3월부터 동년 7월까지 수면장애가 있는 노인을 대상으로 여가활동을 4주 이상을 적용하였다. 여가활동 적용 전과 후의 우울, 자존감, 수면의 질은 대응표본 t검정을 실시하였고 여가활동에서 여가경험, 여가정체성 그리고 변화는 확인적요인분석을 통한 구조방적식모델분석(SEM)을 실시하였다. 결과 : 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 여가활동 전, 후의 우울 수준은 유의미한 차이가 있었다(p=.000). 둘째, 여가활동 전, 후의 자존감은 유의미한 차이가 없었다(p=.182). 셋째, 여가활동 전, 후의 수면의 질은 유의미한 차이가 있었다(p=.000). 넷째, 여가활동에서 여가경험, 여가정체성, 변화에 대한 영향은 여가경험이 여가정체성과 변화에는 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 여가정체성은 변화의 요인 중 우울과 수면의 질에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 노인에게서 나타날 수 있는 수면의 질 저하는 삶의 질에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 수면장애를 가진 노인들의 여가활동적용이 노인의 우울 수준과 자존감 그리고 수면의 질에서 긍정적 변화를 가져올 수 있음을 실험을 통하여 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Adams, K. B., Leibbrandt, S., & Moon, H. (2011). A critical review of the literature on social and leisure activity and wellbeing in later life. Ageing & Society, 31, 683-712. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X10001091
  2. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  3. Beard, J. G., & Ragheb, M. G. (1980). Measuring leisure satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 12, 20-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1980.11969416
  4. Bevil, C. A., O'Connor, P. C., & Mattoon, P. M. (1993). Leisure activity, life satisfaction, and perceived health status in older adults. Gerontology and Geriatrics Education, 14(2), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1300/J021v14n02_02
  5. Blake, H., Mo, P., Malik, S., & Thomas, S. (2009). How effective are physical activity interventions for alleviating depressive symptoms in older people? A systematic review. Clinical Rehabilitation, 23, 873-887. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215509337449
  6. Bliwise, D. L. (1993). Sleep in normal aging and dementia. Sleep, 16(1), 40-81. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/16.1.40
  7. Carayanni, V., Stylianopoulou, C., Koulierakis, G., Babatsikou, F., & Koutis, C. (2012). Sex differences in depression among older adults: are older women more vulnerable than men in social risk factors? The case of open care centers for older people in Greece. European Journal of Ageing, 9(2), 177-186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-012-0216-x
  8. Carruthers, C. P., & Hood, C. D. (2004). The power of the positive: Leisure and well-being. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 38, 225-245.
  9. Cheek, N. H., & Burch, W. R. (1976). The social organization of leisure in human society. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
  10. Chi, M. W., & Lee, J. Y. (2013). The effect of experiencing and commitment on leisure to psychological welfare for workers. Korean Journal of Counseling & Psychotherapy, 4(2), 15-31.
  11. Dupuis, S. L., & Smale, B. J. A. (1995). An examination of the relationship between psychological well being and depression and leisure activity among older adults. Loisir & Societe / Society and Leisure, 18, 67-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.1995.10715491
  12. Faubel, R., Lopez-Garcia, E., & Guallar-Castillon, P. (2009). Sleep duration and health-related quality of life among older adults: A population-based cohort in Spain. Sleep, 32(8), 1059-1068.
  13. Foley, D. J., Monjan, A. A., Izmirlian, G., Hays, J. C., & Blazer, D. G. (1999). Incidence and remission of insomnia among elderly adults in a biracial cohort. Sleep, 22(supp 2), S373-S378.
  14. Hellstrom, A., Hellstrom, P., Willman, A., & Fagerstrom, C. (2014). Association between sleep disturbances and leisure activities in the elderly: A comparison between men and women. Sleep disorders, 1-12.
  15. Jaussent, I., Dauvilliers, Y., & Ancelinetal, M. L. (2011). Insomnia symptoms in older adults: associated factors and gender differences. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(1), 88-97. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181e049b6
  16. Kee, B. S., & Lee, C. W. (1995). A preliminary study for the standardization of geriatrie depression scale in Korea. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 34(6), 1875-1885.
  17. Kelly, J. R., & Ross, J. E. (1989). Later-life leisure: Beginning a new agenda. Leisure Sciences, 11, 47-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490408909512204
  18. Kim, B. K., & Kim, I. H. (2012). The influence of leisure experiences on leisure identity in the regular soccer club members. The Korean Journal of Physical Education, 51(1), 345-355.
  19. Kim, D. H., & Kim, S. B. (2018). A study of EEG and melatonin in plasma according to exercise type in elderly with sleep disorder. The Journal of Korean Society of Community Based Occupational Therapy, 8(3), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.18598/kcbot.2018.8.2.03
  20. Kim, S. H. (2015). A Study on correlation between Teenagers' leisure experience, leisure identity, and leisure satisfaction. The Korean Journal of Physical Education, 54(1), 375-388.
  21. Kitano, N., Tsunoda, K., Tsuji, T., Osuka, Y., Jindo, T., Tanaka, K., & Okura, T. (2014). Association between difficulty initiating sleep in older adults and the combination of leisure-time physical activity and consumption of milk and milk products: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr, 14, 118. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-14-118
  22. Kong, S. B., Kim, B. K., & Lee, T. H. (2012). The effect of golf society member's leisure identity on self-esteem and life satisfaction. The Korean Journal of Sport, 10(2), 23-34.
  23. Li, F. Z., Harmer, P., Chaumeton, N. R., Duncan, T. E., & Duncan, S. C. (2002). Tai Chi as a means to enhance self-esteem: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 21, 70-89. https://doi.org/10.1177/073346480202100105
  24. Lu. L. (2011). Leisure experiences and depressive symptoms among chinese older people: A national survey in taiwan. Educational Gerontology, 37, 753-771. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601271003744632
  25. McAuley, E., Elavxky, S., Motl, R. W., Konopack, J. F., Hu, L., & Marquez, D. X. (2005). Physical activity, self-efficacy and self-esteem: Longitudinal relationships in older adults. Psychological Sciences, 60B, 268-275.
  26. Nasermoaddeli, A., Sekine, M., & Kumari, M. (2005). Association of sleep quality and free time leisure activities in Japanese and British civil servants. Journal of Occupational Health, 47, 384-390. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.47.384
  27. Richards, K. C., Lambert, C., & Becketal, C. K. (2011). Strength training, walking, and social activity improve sleep in nursing home and assisted living residents: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 59(2), 214-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03246.x
  28. Schwartz, G. M., & Campagna, J. (2008). New meaning for the emotional state of the elderly, from a leisure standpoint. Leisure Studies, 27, 207-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614360801902232
  29. Seo, J. H., & Sin, J. S. (2010). The effects of leisure activity programs on the ego-identity and self-esteem of high school students with intellectual disabilities. The Journal of Special Education: Theory and Practice, 11(2), 69-91.
  30. Sonstroem, R. J., Harlow, L. L., Gemma, L. M., & Osborne, S. (1991). Test of structural relationships within a proposed exercise and self-esteem model. Journal of Personality Assessment, 56, 348-364. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5602_13
  31. Tanaka, H., & Shirakawa, S. (2004). Sleep health, lifestyle and mental health in the Japanese elderly: ensuring sleep to promote a healthy brain and mind. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 56(5), 465-477.
  32. van Someren, E. J. W. (2000). Circadian and sleep disturbances in the elderly. Experimental Gerontology, 35(9&10), 1229-1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0531-5565(00)00191-1