한국물환경학회지 (Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment)

  • 제35권4호
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  • Pages.316-331
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  • 2019
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  • 2289-0971(pISSN)
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  • 2289-098X(eISSN)
한국물환경학회 (Korean Society on Water Environment)
권호 표지
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낙동강 중하류에서 이산화탄소 순배출 플럭스 산정 및 영향인자 분석

Estimation of CO2 Net Atmospheric Flux in the Middle and Lower Nakdong River, and Influence Factors Analysis

  • Lee, Eunju (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk University) ;
  • Chung, Sewoong (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk University) ;
  • Park, Hyungseok (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk University) ;
  • Kim, Sungjin (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk University) ;
  • Park, Daeyeon (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk University)
  • 투고 : 2019.02.25
  • 심사 : 2019.07.15
  • 발행 : 2019.07.30
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초록

Carbon dioxide($CO_2$) emission from rivers to the atmosphere is a key component in the global carbon cycle. Most of the rivers are supersaturated with $CO_2$. At a global scale, the amount of $CO_2$ emission from rivers is reported to be five-fold greater than that from lakes and reservoirs, but relevant data are rare in Korea. The objectives of this study is to estimate the $CO_2$ net atmospheric flux(NAF) from the upstream of Gangjeong-Goryeong Weir(GGW), Dalseong Weir(DSW), Hapcheon-Changnyeong Weir(HCW), and Changnyeong-Haman Weir(CHW) located in Nakdong River South Korea) using field and laboratory experiments and to apply data mining techniques to develop parsimonious prediction models that can be used to estimate $CO_2$ NAF with physical and water quality variables that can be collected easily. As a result, the study sites were all heterotrophic systems that often released $CO_2$ to the atmosphere, except when the algal photosynthesis was active.The median $CO_2$ NAF was minimum $391.5mg-CO_2/m^2$ day at GGW and maximum $1472.7mg-CO_2/m^2$ day at DSW. The $CO_2$ NAF showed a negative correlation with pH and Chl-a since the overgrowth of the algae consumed $CO_2$ in the water and increased the pH. As the parsimonious multiple regression model and random forest model developed, this study showed an excellent performance with the $Adj.R^2$ value higher than 0.77 in all weirs. Thus, these methods can be used to estimate $CO_2$ NAF in the river even if there is no $pCO_2$ measurement data.

키워드

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Fig. 1. The map of study areas and locations of sampling site.

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Fig. 2. The correlation matrices of observed variables.

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Fig. 3. The variations of CO2 net atmospheric flux (NAF) during the monitoring period.

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Fig. 4. The boxplots of comparison for (a) kg and (b) CO2 NAF for each equations

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Fig. 5. Correlation matrices of water velocity and CO2 NAF.

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Fig. 6. Bi-plots of PCA results

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Fig. 7. The partial dependence plots showing the marginal effects of a single variable on NAF

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Fig. 8. The comparison of performances of the best SMLR and RF models

Table 1. The ranges of pCO2 in streams and rivers reported in previous studies

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Table 2. The location of sampling sites

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Table 3. Water quality conditions of the study sites during the study period

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Table 4. The description statistics of the observed weirs variables

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Table 5. The summary statistics of estimated CO2 NAF for each weir

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Table 6. The comparison of the CO2 NAF estimated in this study with previous studies

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Table 7. The description statistics of summary statistics of kg and CO2 NAF for different gas transfer velocityEquations

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Table 8. Subset regression variables that best matched the performance criterion of weirs

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Table 9. The best SMLR models and parsimonious RF models for estimating CO2 NAF for each weir

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