감성과학 (Science of Emotion and Sensibility)

  • 제22권4호
  • /
  • Pages.75-84
  • /
  • 2019
  • /
  • 1226-8593(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2383-613X(eISSN)
한국감성과학회 (Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

여성 메스암페타민 중독자의 약물 단서에 대한 주의편향

Attention Bias Toward Drug Cues in Female Methamphetamine Addicts

  • 김나연 (충남대학교 심리학과) ;
  • 음영지 (한국기초과학지원연구원 연구장비개발운영본부 연구장비운영부) ;
  • 김교헌 (충남대학교 심리학과)
  • 투고 : 2019.09.23
  • 심사 : 2019.10.07
  • 발행 : 2019.12.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

중독자들은 물질이나 행동과 같은 중독-관련 단서에 주의를 더 기울인다. 그리고 이러한 단서들에 증가된 주의는 갈망과 관련이 있다. 국내 마약류 사범 중 가장 많이 남용되고 있는 마약류는 메스암페타민이며, 재범률은 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 최근 3년 동안 전체 마약류 사범 중 여성의 비율은 21.1%이나, 여성 마약류 사범에 대한 연구의 부족으로 관련 정책과 심리치료 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초 자료는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 여성 메스암페타민 중독자들을 대상으로 약물 단서에 대한 주의편향이 나타나는지를 확인하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 교정기관에 수용중인 여성 메스암페타민 중독자(중독 집단) 22명과 약물과 관련한 문제가 없는 정상인(통제 집단) 22명을 대상으로 탐침탐사 과제를 수행하였다. 이 과제를 통해 약물 단서와 중성 단서 위치에 따른 정반응률 및 정반응시간을 산출하였다. 그 결과, 통제 집단은 정반응률과 정반응시간 모두에서 약물 단서와 중성 단서 간의 차이가 없었으나, 중독 집단은 중성단서에 비해 약물 단서에서 더 낮은 반응률과 더 느린 반응시간을 보였다. 이러한 본 연구의 결과는 마약류로부터 단절된 여성 메스암페타민 중독자들의 약물 단서에 대한 주의편향 특성을 규명하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Addicts pay more attention to addiction-related cues, such as substance or behavior. And increased attention to these cues is associated with craving. Methamphetamine is the most abused drug among domestic drug offenders, with continually increasing rates of recidivism. Of the total number of reported drug offenders in the last three years, 21.1 percent have been women. Even so, research on female drug offenders is inadequate, rendering policies and fundamental data for the development of psychotherapy programs insufficient. The present study intended to investigate whether female methamphetamine addicts displayed an attention bias towards drug cues. A dot probe task was conducted on 22 female methamphetamine addicts (addiction group) and 22 non-addicts (control group). The task allowed the correct response rates and correct reaction times of the participants to be calculated according to the positioning of the drug and neutral cues. The analysis results revealed that the control group displayed no difference in correct reaction rates and correct reaction times between the drug or neutral cues. While, the addiction group showed lower correct response rate and slower response time for drug cues in comparison to neutral cues. The results of this study are significant in that it identified the attention bias characteristics toward drug cues of female methamphetamine addicts who were disconnected from drugs.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders(DSM-5). Washington, DC: APA.
  2. Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 1-24. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1
  3. Bauserman, R. L., Richardson, D., Ward, M., Shea, M., Bowlin, C., Tomoyasu, N., & Solomon, L. (2003). HIV prevention with jail and prison inmates: Maryland's Prevention Case Management program. AIDS Education and Prevention, 15(5), 465-480. DOI: 10.1521/aeap.15.6.465.24038
  4. Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., Wright, T., & Field, M. (2003). Attentional bias in drug dependence: vigilance for cigarette-related cues in smokers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 17(1), 66-72. DOI: 10.1037/0893-164x.17.1.66
  5. Chang, J. Y. (2013). A study on the experience of female drug offenders. Korean Society for Corrections Service, 59, 207-241.
  6. Childress, A. R., Ehrman, R., McLellan, A. T., MacRae, J., Natale, M., & O'Brien, C. P. (1994). Can induced moods trigger drug-related responses in opiate abuse patients?. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 11(1), 17-23. DOI: 10.1016/0740-5472(94)90060-4
  7. Cho, J. W., (2019). A study on the effectiveness of drugs-oriented narcotic investigation. Korea Association of Criminal Psychology, 15(2), 53-66. Retrieved from http://www.ndsl.kr/ https://doi.org/10.25277/KCPR.2019.15.2.53
  8. Field, M., Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2004). Cognitive bias and drug craving in recreational cannabis users, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 74(1), 105-111. DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.12.005
  9. Field, M., & Cox, W. M. (2008). Attentional bias in addictive behaviors: A review of its development, causes, and consequences. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 97(1), 1-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.030
  10. Franken, I. H., Kroon, L. Y., Wiers, R. W., & Jansen, A. (2000). Selective cognitive processing of drug cues in heroin dependence. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 14(4), 395-400. DOI: 10.1177/026988110001400408
  11. Goodman, A. (2008). Neurobiology of addiction: An integrative review. Biochemical Pharmacology, 75(1), 266-322. DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.07.030
  12. Halikas, J. A., Kuhn, K. L., Crosby, R., Carlson, G., & Crea, F. (1991). The measurement of craving in cocaine patients using the Minnesota Cocaine Craving Scale. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 32(1), 22-27. DOI: 10.1016/0010-440x(91)90066-l
  13. Hekmat, S., Alam Mehrjerdi, Z., Moradi, A., Ekhtiari, H., & Bakhshi, S. (2011). Cognitive flexibility, attention and speed of mental processing in opioid and methamphetamine addicts in comparison with non-addicts. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 2(2), 12-19. DOI: 10.18869/nirp.bcn
  14. Hester, R., & Luijten, M. (2014). Neural correlates of attentional bias in addiction. CNS spectrums, 19(3), 231-238. DOI: 10.1017/s1092852913000473
  15. Jeon, Y. S., Kim, S. K., Bae, S. K., & Joo, H. K. (2017). Current status and control policies of crimes related to new psychoactive substances. Korean criminological Review. Retrieved from http://www.ndsl.kr/
  16. Kang, J. H., Maeng, S. J., & Kim, Y. H (2019). A study on the deactivating factor of system for compulsory treatment and rehabilitation of drug abusers in Korea. Studies on Life and Culture, 52(1), 129-152. Retrieved from http://www.ndsl.kr/
  17. Kaye, S., McKetin, R., Duflou, J., & Darke, S. (2007). Methamphetamine and cardiovascular pathology: a review of the evidence. Addiction, 102(8), 1204-1211. DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01874.x
  18. Kim, K. H. (2002). The psychological perspectives of addictive behaviors. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 7(2), 159-179. Retrieved from http://www.ndsl.kr/
  19. Kim, S. J., & Kim, K. H. (2013). Cognitive approach to Internet addiction improvement: focused on Solution of craving loss of control. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 18(3), 421-443. Retrieved from http://www.ndsl.kr/ https://doi.org/10.17315/KJHP.2013.18.3.001
  20. Kuhar, M. (2012). The Addicted Brain Why we abuse drugs, alcohol and nicotine. Pearson Education, Inc. DOI: 10.5860/choice.49-5701
  21. Kozlowski, L. T., & Wilkinson, D. A. (1987). Use and misuse of the concept of craving by alcohol, tobacco, and drug researchers. British Journal of Addiction, 82(1), 31-36. DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01430.x
  22. Lee, J. I. (2010). An economic review on drug related criminal policy: focused on the impact of prohibition on crime. Korean Criminological Review, 81, 225-249. Retrieved from http://www.ndsl.kr/
  23. Ludwig, A. M., & Wikler, A. (1974). "Craving" and relapse to drink. Quarterly journal of studies on alcohol. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 35, 108-130. Retrieved from http://www.ndsl.kr/ https://doi.org/10.15288/qjsa.1974.35.108
  24. Lundahl, L. H., & Johanson, L. H. (2011). Cue-induced craving for marijuna in cannabis-dependent adults. Experimental Clinical Psychopharmacol, 19(3), 224-230. DOI: 10.1037/a0023030
  25. MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(1), 15-20. DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.95.1.15
  26. Markou, A., Weiss, F., Gold, L. H., Caine, S. B., Schulteis, G., & Koob, G. F. (1993). Animal models of drug craving. Psychopharmacology, 112(2-3), 163-182. DOI: 10.1007/bf02244907
  27. Mcclure, S. M., & Bikel, W. K. (2014). A dual-systems perspective on addiction: contributions from neuroimaging and cognitive training. New York Academy of Sciences, 1327(1), 62-78. DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12561
  28. Mun, S. H. (1999). The study on the characteristics and alternative interventions of women with drug abuse. Chung-Ang Journal of Social Sciences, 12, 101-118. Retrieved from http://www.ndsl.kr/
  29. Niaura, R., Shadel, W. G., Abrams, D. B., Monti, P. M., Rohsenow, D. J., & Sirota, A. (1998). Individual differences in cue reactivity among smokers trying to quit: effects of gender and cue type. Addictive Behaviors, 23(2), 209-224. DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4603(97)00043-9
  30. North, L., Robinson, C., Haffegee, A., Sharkey, P. M.., & Hwang, F. (2014). Using virtual environments for trigger identification in addiction treatment. International Journal on Disability and Human Development, 13(3), 369-375. DOI: 10.1515/ijdhd-2014-0330
  31. O'Brien, C. P., Childress, A. R., Ehrman, R., & Robbins, S. J. (1998). Conditioning factors in drug abuse: can they explain compulsion?. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 12(1), 15-22. DOI: 10.1177/026988119801200103
  32. Park, M, S., Sohn, S, J., Park, J, E., Kim, S, H., Yu, I, K., & Sohn, J, H. (2007). Alcohol craving in subjects with alcohol use disorders in response to alcohol cues. Science of Emotion & Sensibility, 10(4), 603-611. Retrieved from http://www.ndsl.kr/
  33. Park, S. S. (2013). A study on the improvement of the current drug treatment situation: focused on the motivation enhancement for the abstinence of drug programs. Public Policy Review, 24(4), 167-188. Retrieved from http://www.ndsl.kr/ https://doi.org/10.17327/ippa.2013.27.4.007
  34. Parr, L. A., Modi, M., Siebert, E., & Young, L. J. (2013). Intranasal oxytocin selectively attenuates rhesus monkeys’ attention to negative facial expressions. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(9), 1748-1756. DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.02.011
  35. Pineles, S. L., Shipherd, J. C., Mostoufi, S. M., Abramovitz, S. M., & Yovel, I. (2009). Attentional biases in PTSD: More evidence for interference. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(12), 1050-1057. DOI: 10.1037/e717692011-017
  36. Prus, A. (2018). Drug and the Neuroscience of Behavior: An introduction to psychopharmacology 2nd edition. Los Angeles, CA: Sage
  37. Rade, C. B., Desmarais, S. L., Van Dorn, R. A., Lutnick, A., Kral, A. H., & Lorvick, J. (2015). Mental health correlates of drug treatment among women who use methamphetamine. The American Journal on Addictions, 24(7), 646-653. DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12279
  38. Robinson, S. J., & Ehrman, R. N. (2004). The role of attentional bias in substance abuse. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 3(4), 243-260. DOI: 10.1177/1534582305275423
  39. Robinson, T. E., & Berridge, K. C. (1993). The neural basis of drug craving: an incentive-sensitization theory of addiction. Brain Research Reviews, 18(3), 247-291. DOI: 10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-p
  40. Robinson, T. E., & Berridge, K. C. (2001). Incentive sensitization and addiction. Addiction, 96(1), 103-114. DOI: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.9611038.x
  41. Roelofs, S. M. (1985). Hyperventilation, anxiety, craving for alcohol: a subacute alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Alcohol, 2(3), 501-505. DOI: 10.1016/0741-8329(85)90123-5
  42. Salo, R., Nordahl, T. E., Moore, C., Waters, C., Natsuaki, Y., Galloway, G. P., & Sullivan, E. V. (2005). A dissociation in attentional control: evidence from methamphetamine dependence. Biological Psychiatry, 57(3), 310-313. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.035
  43. Salo, R., Nordahl, T. E., Natsuaki, Y., Leamon, M. H., Galloway, G. P., Waters, C., & Buonocore, M. H. (2007). Attentional control and brain metabolite levels in methamphetamine abusers. Biological Psychiatry, 61(11), 1272-1280. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.031
  44. Shadel, W. G., Niaura, R., & Abrams, D. B. (2001). Effect of different cue stimulus delivery channels on craving reactivity: Comparing in vivo and video cues in regular cigarette smokers. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 32(4), 203-209. DOI: 10.1016/s0005-7916(01)00035-0
  45. Sinha, R., Talih, M., Malison, R., Cooney, N., Anderson, G. M., & Kreek, M. J. (2003). Hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis and sympatho-adreno-medullary responses during stress-induced and drug cue-induced cocaine craving states. Psychopharmacology, 170(1), 62-72. DOI: 10.1007/s00213-003-1525-8
  46. Sharma, D., Albery, I. P., & Cook, C. (2001). Selective attentional bias to alcohol related stimuli in problem drinkers and non-problem drinkers. Addiction, 96(2), 285-295. DOI: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.96228512.x
  47. Sherman, J. E., Morse, E., & Baker, T. B. (1986). Urges/craving to smoke: Preliminary results from withdrawing and continuing smokers. Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 8(4), 253-269. DOI: 10.1016/0146-6402(86)90008-1
  48. Streeter, C. C., Terhune, D. B., Whitfield, T. H., Gruber, S., Sarid-Segal, O., Silveri, M. M., & Renshaw, P. F. (2008). Performance on the stroop predicts treatment compliance in cocaine-dependent individuals. Neuropsychopharmacology, 33(4), 827-836. DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301465
  49. Supreme Prosecutors's Office. (2019). 2018 Narcotic Crime white paper. Retrieved from http://www.spo.go.kr/
  50. Tiffany, S. T., & Carter, B. L. (1998). Is craving the source of compulsive drug use?. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 12(1), 23-30. DOI: 10.1177/026988119801200104
  51. Tiffany, S. T., & Conklin, C. A. (2000). A cognitive processing model of alcohol craving and compulsive alcohol use. Addiction, 95(8s2), 145-153. DOI: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.95.8s2.3.x
  52. Townshend, J., & Duka, T. (2001). Attentional bias associated with alcohol cues: differences between heavy and occasional social drinkers. Psychopharmacology, 157(1), 67-74. DOI: 10.1007/s002130100764
  53. Volkow, N., & Li, T. K. (2005). The neuroscience of addiction. Nature Neuroscience, 8(11), 1429-1430. DOI: 10.1038/nn1105-1429
  54. World Health Organization. (2018). International standards for drug use prevention. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/drugs/en/
  55. Volpicelli, J. R., Alterman, A. I., Hayashida, M., & O'Brien, C. P. (1992). Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49(11), 876-880. DOI: 10.1016/0741-8329(94)90014-0
  56. Wormer, K., & Davis, D. R. (2003). Addiction treatment: A strengths perspective. Belmont, CA: Thomson Books/Cole.