Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT) (방사성폐기물학회지)

Korean Radioactive Waste Society (한국방사성폐기물학회)
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Study on the Experiences of Subsurface Soil Remediation at Commercial Nuclear Power Plants in the United States

미국 원전의 심층토양 제염사례 연구

  • 이형우 (한국전력국제원자력대학원대학교) ;
  • 김주열 (한국전력국제원자력대학원대학교) ;
  • 김창락 (한국전력국제원자력대학원대학교)
  • Received : 2018.11.27
  • Accepted : 2019.06.10
  • Published : 2019.06.30
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Abstract

Regulatory agency and licensee are preparing for the site restoration of Kori unit 1, the first commercial NPP in Korea, scheduled for 2031. Developing regulatory guidelines and strategies is essential for effective restoration work. Unfortunately, Korea does not have experience of site restoration of commercial NPPs. Therefore, it is important to review cases from experienced countries to establish a strategy and regulatory standards. The U.S. has had numerous soil remediation experiences using RESRAD and MARSSIM. However, formalized evaluation methodologies for subsurface soil have not yet been established in MARSSIM. This survey focused on subsurface soil remediation by reviewing the five decommissioned NPPs under regulation of the US NRC. Overall process of remediating a contaminated subsurface soil and groundwater was reviewed to identify considerations and lessons that could be applicable in Korea. In addition, an applied methodology for evaluation of contaminated subsurface soil and related major issues between regulatory agency and licensees were reviewed in detail to support establishment of remediation strategy for Kori unit 1.

2017년 고리 1호기 영구정지 이후 규제기관과 원전운영자는 2031년으로 예정된 부지 제염 및 복원을 수행하기 위해 사전준비 작업을 진행해오고 있다. 적절한 계획 수립 및 효과적인 규제활동을 위해서 규제지침 개발과 기술적 근거수립이 무엇보다 선행되어야 한다. 국내에선 연구용 원자로 해체경험이 있지만 상업용 원전은 없기 때문에 해외 해체 선도국의 부지복원사례연구를 통해 토양 제염과 관련한 기술사항 및 규제기준에 대한 정보를 제공한다면 고리 1호기 복원계획 및 규제기준 수립에 효과적일 것이다. 미국은 상업용 원전에 대한 다양한 해체경험을 축적해 왔으며 RESRAD 프로그램 및 MARSSIM 절차와 같은 체계를 개발 적용하여 오염된 부지의 조사, 제염, 복원 및 해제를 통합적으로 수행하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 미국의 5개 상업용 원전(해체완료 4개, 지연해체 1개)을 대상으로 심층 토양오염에 대한 부지복원 사례연구를 수행하였다. 심층토양의 경우 표층토양과 달리 미국에서도 정형화된 평가방법론이 아직 정립되어 있지 않았고, 오염평가시 지하수 영향을 고려해야 하는 특성이 있음이 확인되었다. 따라서 향후 고리 1호기 부지복원 전략수립 및 규제지침 개발에 고려할 만한 제안사항을 도출하고자 기술 및 규제 관점에서 심층토양에 대한 오염평가, 제염기준 수립, 제염작업 수행 및 결과 검증까지 단계별 주요사례를 정리하고, 미국 해체사업자가 적용한 심층토양 평가방법과 규제기관과 해체사업자 간에 논의된 주요 쟁점사항을 분석하여 시사점을 도출하였다.

Keywords

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