Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
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Changes in Habitats of Fish and Amphibian Due to Erosion Control Dam Constructed in a Mountain Stream, Gongju, Chungchoengnamdo

충청남도 공주시 소재 산지계류 내 시공된 사방댐에 의한 어류 및 양서류 서식의 변화

  • Lee, Sang In (Department of Forest Resources, Kongju National University) ;
  • Seo, Jung Il (Department of Forest Resources, Kongju National University) ;
  • Kim, Suk Woo (Department of Forest Resources, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Chun, Kun Woo (Department of Forest Resources, Kangwon National University)
  • Received : 2019.03.21
  • Accepted : 2019.04.30
  • Published : 2019.06.30
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that affect the habitat of fishes and amphibians in a mountain stream that is part of an experimental forest at Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungcheongnam, Korea, and examine the differences in the presence of fishes and amphibians in the stream before and after construction of an erosion control dam. The results showed that the factors that affect the presence of fishes are pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), flow velocity, and step-pool number, and that the factors that affect the presence of amphibians are monthly rainfall, pH, EC, DO, and crown density. Of these factors, pH, EC, flow velocity, and monthly rainfall were significantly different before and after dam construction; however, the differences among the other three factors from dam construction, except EC, might not have been enough to affect the presence of fishes and amphibians. Our results suggest that the difference in the frequency of fishes and amphibians surveyed before and after dam construction in the upper and lower stream sections were not statistically significant. One exception to this was the presence of amphibians in the lower stream section during and after dam construction, which could have been the result of a large amount of sediment produced by excavation that led to high EC.

이 연구에서는 충청남도 공주시에 위치한 공주대학교 학술림 내 산지계류에 서식하는 어류 및 양서류 출현에 영향을 미치는 환경인자를 추출하였으며, 이를 통해 사방댐 시공 전 중/후의 어류 및 양서류 서식 차이를 파악하였다. 그 결과, 어류 및 양서류 출현에 영향을 미치는 환경인자는 각각 수소이온농도, 전기전도도, 용존산소량, 유속, 계단-소 개소수와 월강수량, 수소이온농도, 전기전도도, 용존산소량, 상층피도로 나타났다. 이들 환경인자 중 수소이온농도, 전기전도도, 유속, 월강수량은 사방댐 시공 전 중/후에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈으나, 전기전도도를 제외한 나머지 3개의 환경인자는 어류 및 양서류 출현에 영향을 미치지 않을 정도의 작은 변화 폭을 나타낸 것으로 사료된다. 실제로 어류 및 양서류 출현 구간 수를 사방댐 시공 전 중/후 및 상 하류로 비교해 본 결과, 사방댐 시공 중/후 하류에서 서식하는 양서류를 제외하면 출현 구간 수에 차이가 존재하지 않았다. 다만, 사방댐 시공 과정 중 터파기에 의해 발생한 토사가 하류로 유입되면서 계류수의 전기전도도가 높아진 것으로 사료되며, 이것이 사방댐 하류구간에 서식하는 양서류에 영향을 준 것으로 추정된다.

Keywords

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Figure 1. Location of the study area.

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Figure 2. Erosion control dam located within the study area.

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Figure 3. Monthly variations in fish presence before and its after the construction in upper and lower segments. Bars denote standard deviations of frequency of fish presence.

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Figure 4. Ratio of fish presence and absence before and its after the dam construction in upper and lower segments.

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Figure 5. Differences in parameters explaining fish presence before and its after the dam construction in upper and lower segments. Bars and letters denote standard deviations of each parameter and presence of statistical difference before and its after the dam construction, respectively.

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Figure 6. Monthly variations in parameters explaining fish presence before and its after the dam construction in upper and lower segments.

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Figure 7. Monthly variations in amphibian presence before and its after the dam construction in upper and lower segments. Bars denote standard deviations of frequency of amphibian presence.

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Figure 8. Ratio of amphibian presence and absence before and its after the dam construction in upper and lower segments.

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Figure 9. Differences in parameters explaining amphibian presence before and its after the dam construction in upper and lower segments. Bars and letters denote standard deviations of each parameter and presence of statistical difference before and its after the dam construction, respectively.

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Figure 10. Monthly variations in parameters explaining amphibian presence before and its after the dam construction in upper and lower segments.

Table 1. Characteristics of study area.

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Table 2. Variance inflation factors (VIF) of independent variables.

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Table 3. Model selection for fish presence using logistic regression.

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Table 4. Model selection for amphibian presence using logistic regression.

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Table 5. Result of backward stepwise to parameters in the model selected for fish and amphibian presences.

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Table 6. Survey results of fish presence in the study stream.

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Table 7. Survey results of amphibian presence in the study stream.

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