Fig. 1 Process of the loading operation of an empty container
Fig. 2 Sequence of retrieval operations of transfer crane (Ramen, Cantilever)(Lee and Kim, 2018)
Fig. 3 Sequence of retrieval operations by a container handler(Lee and Kim, 2018)
Fig. 4 Expected number of handles for picking up one container by the fixed sequence strategy and the random sequence strategy in case of TC (S=6, T=4)
Fig. 5 Expected number of handles for picking up one container by the fixed sequence strategy and the random sequence strategy in case of TH (S=6, T=4)
Fig. 6 Expected number of handles for picking up one container to compare between TC and TH with different stack size by the fixed sequence strategy (T=4, p=1)
Fig. 7 Expected number of handles for picking up one container to compare between TC and TH with different stack size by the random sequence strategy (T=4, p=1)
Fig. 8 Illustration of ratios of container throughput of three shipping liners for various values of c
Fig. 9 Changes in container inventory ratio for each vessel liner by day of week for various degrees of concentration (c)
Fig. 10 Expected number of handles for loading an empty container with mixed storage among three vessel liners in case of TC (S=6, T=4)
Fig. 11 Expected number of handles for loading an empty container with mixed storage among three vessel liners in case of TH (S=6, T=4)
Fig. 12 Expected number of handles for loading an empty container to compare between TC and TH with different stack parameters (T=4, c=1, r=0.1)
Table 1 Annual container throughput at Busan port (unit: TEU, %), (Busan Port Authority, 2017)
Table 2 A summary of previous studies
Table 3 Accuracy of the proposed formula for the case with gantry crane and specified sequence of retrieval
Table 4 Dwell time distribution of export containers
Table 5 Proportion of containers to be loaded onto each vessel and inventory in the yard on each day (c=1)
Table 6 Proportion of containers in the yard bound for each vessel on each day (c=1)
Table 7 Proportion of containers in the yard of each vessel when the loading operation begins for various values of c
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