DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Factors affecting preference of vegetable in elementary school students: based on social cognitive theory

일부 지역 초등학교 고학년의 채소 선호 영향 요인 : 사회인지이론을 기반으로

  • Cha, Su Hyeon (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University) ;
  • Ryu, Ho Kyung (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2018.11.14
  • Accepted : 2019.05.08
  • Published : 2019.06.30

Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting vegetable preferences of children based on the social cognitive theory to reduce imbalances in vegetable consumption. Methods: The survey investigated 177 elementary school students in Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, in June of 2018. The subjects consisted of 44 fifth graders (27.7%) and 128 (72.3%) sixth graders. Results: Among personal factors of the Social Cognitive Theory, positive outcome expectation and self-efficacy of the vegetable preference group were significantly higher than those of the non-preference group. Negative barrier scores of the non-preference group were significantly higher than those of the preference group, and the biggest barrier was that vegetables were tasteless. Among behavioral factors, the nutritional knowledge of vegetables was high, but the degree of practice was low. Practice score of the vegetable preference group was significantly higher than that of the non-preference group. Among environmental factors, the vegetable preference group was more likely to accept advice from people around them than the non-preference group and the most influential people were doctors and parents. In the vegetable intake environment, children in the vegetable preference group had high accessibility to vegetables. Correlation analysis and regression analysis of the social cognitive factors and vegetable preferences revealed all factors except nutritional knowledge showed significant correlation with vegetable preference. And surrounding people (p < 0.01), practice (p < 0.01), and self-efficacy (p < 0.05) had positive effects on vegetable preference. Conclusion: These results suggest that providing the health benefits from eating vegetables and educating children for improving their self-confidence are necessary for increasing the preference for vegetables and their intake by children.

본 연구는 초등학생의 채소 섭취 부족 문제를 개선하고자, 사회인지론을 기반으로 초등학생의 채소 선호도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보고 실제 영양교육 시 활용할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하여 초등학생의 올바른 식습관 정립과 채소 섭취 증진에 도움이 되고자 한다. 조사는 2018년 6월 한달 간 초등학교 5~6학년 177명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 조사대상자는 남학생은 54.2%, 여학생은 45.8%이었으며 그 중 5학년이 27.7%, 6학년이 72.3%로 6학년의 비율이 높았다. 채소선호도에 대해 '좋아한다', '매우 좋아한다'고 응답한 아동을 채소선호군으로, '싫어한다'와 '매우 싫어한다'라고 응답한 아동을 채소비선호군으로 분류하였다. 사회인지론의 개인적 요인에 있어 긍정적 결과기대와 자아효능감은 채소선호군이 채소비선호군에 비해 모든 항목에서 유의적으로 높은 점수를 보였다. 부정적 장애 요인에서는 모든 항목에서 채소비선호군의 점수가 채소선호군에 비해 유의적으로 높았고, 특히 채소는 맛이 없다는 것이 가장 큰 장애요인이었다. 행동적 요인에 있어서는 채소에 관한 영양지식은 군 간의 차이 없이 모두 높은 점수를 보였으나, 실천도에 있어서는 낮은 값을 보여 채소섭취에 대한 실천도가 부족함을 알 수 있었다. 환경적 요인에 있어서 사회적 환경인 주변인에서는 채소선호군이 채소비선호군에 비해 유의적으로 점수가 높아 주변인의 충고를 받아들일 용의가 높음을 알 수 있었고, 가장 영향력 있는 사람은 의사와 부모님이었다. 물리적 환경에서는 모든 항목에서 채소선호군의 점수가 높아 채소선호군에 속한 아동이 채소에 대한 접근성이 높은 환경에 있음을 알 수 있었다. 사회인지론의 요인들과 채소선호도와의 상관분석과 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 사회인지론의 요인들 중 영양지식을 제외한 모든 요인들이 채소선호도와 유의적인 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 주변인 (p < 0.01), 행동실천도 (p < 0.01) 및 자아효능감 (p < 0.05) 등이 채소선호도에 정 (+)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 초등학생의 채소 선호도를 높이고 채소 섭취를 증가시키기 위해서는 영양중재활동을 통해 단순히 영양지식을 제공하기보다는 채소를 먹음으로써 나타나는 긍정적 결과 기대를 높이고, 채소가 맛이 없다는 것에 대한 부정적인 생각을 변화시키고, 채소를 잘 먹을 수 있다는 자신감을 고취시키며, 의사와 부모님 등 주변인들의 적극적인 격려가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee SY. (An) Analysis on nutrition knowledge and vegetable eating behavior according to the health belief of the middle school students in some Seoul areas [master's thesis]. Seoul: Kookmin University; 2017.
  2. Jung KA. A study on the trends of researches on problems related to eating behaviors of elementary school students. J Korean Pract Arts Educ 2009; 22(3): 161-196.
  3. Lee KH, Kim KW, Lee YK, Lee SM, Son SM. Practice of nutrition education and counseling. 3rd edition. Seoul: LifeScience; 2015.
  4. Lee YM. Eating trends in Korean children. Proceedings of the Autumn Conference of Korean Society of Community Nutrition, 2006; 2006 Nov 11; Seoul. Seoul: Korean Society of Community Nutrition; 2006. p. 9-31.
  5. Bae IS, Shin KH, Lee YK, Lee SK. Perception of the elementary school dietitians and students on nutrition education to set up the roles of nutrition teacher - Centered on Daegu city and Gyeongbuk province -. J Korean Diet Assoc 2005; 11(4): 393-404.
  6. Kim MH, Park YH, Shin EK, Shin KH, Bae IS, Lee YK. Students' and parents' perceptions of nutrition education in elementary schools. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2006; 35(8): 1016-1024. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.8.1016
  7. Lee YK, Kim YN. Comparisons of consumption attitude toward vegetables and fragrance vegetables preference among primary school to university students in Gyeongbuk area. Korean J Community Nutr 2014; 19(3): 223-230. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.3.223
  8. Kim HH, Kim YN. A preference analysis of vegetable group foods in primary school students and their mothers. J Korean Home Econ Educ Assoc 2012; 24(3): 73-88.
  9. Ku UH, Seo JS. The status of nutrient intake and factors related to dislike of vegetables in elementary school students. Korean J Community Nutr 2005; 10(2): 151-162.
  10. Zhou G, Gan Y, Hamilton K, Schwarzer R. The role of social support and self-efficacy for planning fruit and vegetable intake. J Nutr Educ Behav 2017; 49(2): 100-106.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2016.09.005
  11. Maynard M, Gunnell D, Emmett P, Frankel S, Davey Smith G. Fruit, vegetables, and antioxidants in childhood and risk of adult cancer: the Boyd Orr cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003; 57(3): 218-225. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.57.3.218
  12. Pollard CM, Nicolson C, Pulker CE, Binns CW. Translating government policy into recipes for success! Nutrition criteria promoting fruits and vegetables. J Nutr Educ Behav 2009; 41(3): 218-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2008.02.002
  13. The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary reference intakes for Koreans first revision. Seoul: The Korean Nutrition Society; 2015.
  14. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2016 national health and nutrition statistics. Cheongju: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2018.
  15. Ministry of Health and Welfare (KR). The 4th National Health Promotion Comprehensive Plan (Health Plan 2020, 2016-2020). Sejong: Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2017.
  16. Park YS, Lee HS, Lee SK, Seo JS, Lee JW, Lee BK. Nutrition education & counseling. 5th edition. Seoul: Komunsa; 2013.
  17. Choi HM, Kim KW, Kim CL, Kim HS, Son JM, Choi KS, Hyun TS. Community nutrition. Goyang: Powerbook; 2017.
  18. Bandura A. Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educ Psychol 1993; 28(2): 117-148. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2802_3
  19. Suh Y, Choi A, Chung YJ. Psychosocial factors related with the intake of vegetables and fruits by stage of change of elementary school children in Chungnam province. Korean J Nutr 2009; 42(7): 639-649. https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2009.42.7.639
  20. Kim MK, Oh HS, Lee MH. Study on perception and eating attitude towards vegetables among elementary school children and their parents in Gangwon area. J Korean Home Econ Educ Assoc 2015; 27(3): 19-34. https://doi.org/10.19031/jkheea.2015.12.27.4.19
  21. Ahn Y, Kim KW. Beliefs regarding vegetable consumption, self-efficacy and eating behaviors according to the stages of change in vegetable consumption among college students. Korean J Community Nutr 2012; 17(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.1.1
  22. Kwak SH. Adolescents' perception and preference on vegetables in Gyeongnam province [master's thesis]. Changwon: Changwon National University; 2015.
  23. Kim KW, Shin EM. Using the theory of planned behavior to explain dairy food consumption among university female students. Korean J Community Nutr 2003; 8(1): 53-61.
  24. Lee JE, Jung IK. A study on eating habits of elementary school students and the perception on the nutrition education in curriculum. J Korean Home Econ Educ Assoc 2005; 17(2): 79-93.
  25. Chung EJ, Lee SH, Ahn HS. Vegetable preferences and their associations with nutritional knowledge and health-related variables in 5th and 6th grade schoolchildren. J Korean Diet Assoc 2009; 15(2): 83-96.
  26. Birch LL. Development of food preferences. Annu Rev Nutr 1999; 19: 41-62. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.19.1.41
  27. Na SY, Ko SY, Eom SH, Kim KW. Intakes and beliefs of vegetables and fruits, self-efficacy, nutrition knowledge, eating behavior of elementary school students in Kyunggi area. Korean J Community Nutr 2010; 15(3): 329-341.
  28. Domel SB, Thompson WO, Davis HC, Baranowski T, Leonard SB, Baranowski J. Psychosocial predictors of fruit and vegetable consumption among elementary school children. Health Educ Res 1996; 11(3): 299-308. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/11.3.299
  29. Cerin E, Barnett A, Baranowski T. Testing theories of dietary behavior change in youth using the mediating variable model with intervention programs. J Nutr Educ Behav 2009; 41(5): 309-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2009.03.129
  30. Kristal AR, Glanz K, Tilley BC, Li S. Mediating factors in dietary change: understanding the impact of a worksite nutrition intervention. Health Educ Behav 2000; 27(1): 112-125. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019810002700110
  31. Reynolds KD, Hinton AW, Shewchuk RM, Hickey CA. Social cognitive model of fruit and vegetable consumption in elementary school children. J Nutr Educ 1999; 31(1): 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3182(99)70381-X
  32. Birch LL, Fisher JO. Development of eating behaviors among children and adolescents. Pediatrics 1998; 101(3 Pt 2): 539-549.
  33. Drewnowski A, Hann C. Food preferences and reported frequencies of food consumption as predictors of current diet in young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70(1): 28-36. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/70.1.28
  34. Perez-Rodrigo C, Ribas L, Serra-Majem L, Aranceta J. Food preferences of Spanish children and young people: the enKid study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57 Suppl 1: S45-S48. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601814
  35. Lee SO, Kim HA. Evaluation of effectiveness of vegetable-related nutrition education for elementary school students. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2013; 42(5): 713-720. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.5.713
  36. Kim JH, Woo TJ, Lee KA, Lee SM, Lee KH. Application and the effect of nutrition education program based on the social cognitive theory among middle school girls. Korean J Community Nutr 2016; 21(6): 497-508. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.6.497
  37. De Bourdeaudhuij I, te Velde S, Brug J, Due P, Wind M, Sandvik C, et al. Personal, social and environmental predictors of daily fruit and vegetable intake in 11-year-old children in nine European countries. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008; 62(7): 834-841. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602794
  38. Kim JH, Kim YS, Kim Y, Kang MS. Fruit and vegetable consumption and factors affecting fruit and vegetable consumption of school children and adolescents: findings from focus-group interviews with school nutrition teachers and nutritionists. Korean J Community Living Sci 2013; 24(4): 567-581. https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2013.24.4.567
  39. Sallis JF, Pinski RB, Grossman RM, Patterson TL, Nader PR. The development of self-efficacy scales for health-related diet and exercise behaviors. Health Educ Res 1988; 3(3): 283-292. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/3.3.283
  40. Lim YS. The effect of activity-based learning through storytelling [master's thesis]. Incheon: Gyeongin National University of Education; 2001.
  41. Park SJ. The effect of nutrition education program for elementary school children - Especially focused on being familiar with vegetables -. J Korean Diet Assoc 2000; 6(1): 17-25.
  42. Hamm MW, Schnaak MD, Janas BG. Nutrition knowledge and attitudes of hotel and restaurant management students. J Am Diet Assoc 1995; 95(10): 1158-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(95)00313-4
  43. Kelly RB, Zyzanski SJ, Alemagno SA. Prediction of motivation and behavior change following health promotion: role of health beliefs, social support, and self-efficacy. Soc Sci Med 1991; 32(3): 311-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(91)90109-P