Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회지)

Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Pollution Assessment of Sediment in Lakes of Buk-han River Basin

북한강 수계 호소퇴적물 오염도 평가

  • Lee, Bo-Mi (Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Seon, Seong-Ki (Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Guk-Hui (Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Moon, Gwon-Young (Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Shin, Myoung-Chul (Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Hong, Jung-Ki (Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Kap-Soon (Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Yu, Soon-Ju (Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Huh, In-Ae (National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Noh, Hye-Ran (Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 이보미 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 성기선 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 김국회 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 문권영 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 신명철 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 홍정기 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 김갑순 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 유순주 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 허인애 (국립환경과학원) ;
  • 노혜란 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소)
  • Received : 2018.10.24
  • Accepted : 2019.02.13
  • Published : 2019.03.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the pollution assessment of organic matters, nutrients, and metals in sediment in major lakes (5 lakes and 17 sites) of Buk-han river using various sediment pollution assessment guidelines and indices. The concentrations of organic matters and nutrients were lower than class IV (Sediment pollution assessment guidelines of Korea) and Severe Effect Level (SEL, Sediment pollution assessment guidelines of Ontario). This results indicated that the lakes sediments were unpolluted and tolerable level for sediment dwelling organisms by organic matters and nutrients. However, several sites of Chuncheon and Soyang lakes were evaluated "heavily polluted" level by organic index (Org-index). The order of lakes by metals concentrations from the one with the highest concentration was Hwacheon, Chuncheon, Cheongpyeong, Uiam, Soyang. All lakes except Hwacheon were assessed unpolluted to marginally and tolerable level for sediment dwelling organisms by metals based on sediment pollution assessment guidelines (Korean and Ontario), indices of geoaccumulation ($I_{geo}$), pollution loading (PLI) and ecological risk (RI). In Lake Hwacheon, every investigated sites were polluted with metals, especially Hg, based on sediment pollution assessment guideline of Korea and indices ($I_{geo}$, PLI and RI). The dwelling organisms in sediment of Hwacheon Lake were likely to be severed by metals.

Keywords

SJBJB8_2019_v35n2_105_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Sampling sites of lakes in Buk-han river basin.

SJBJB8_2019_v35n2_105_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 2. Concentrations and sediment quality guidelines of LOI, TOC, T-N and T-P.

SJBJB8_2019_v35n2_105_f0003.png 이미지

Fig. 3. Org-Indices and pollution classes.

SJBJB8_2019_v35n2_105_f0004.png 이미지

Fig. 4. Concentration and sediment quality guidelines of metals.

SJBJB8_2019_v35n2_105_f0005.png 이미지

Fig. 5. (a) Loading plot and (b) score plot of two dominant principal components (Lakes identification: Cheongpyeong (1 ~ 3), Uiam (4 ~ 6), Chuncheon (7 ~ 9), Hwacheon (10 ~ 12), and Soyang (13 ~ 17)).

Table 1. Sediment quality guidelines for organic, nutrients, and metals

SJBJB8_2019_v35n2_105_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. The indices of organic (Org-index), geoaccumulation (Igeo), pollution load (PLI), and ecological risk (RI) classes in relation to sediment quality

SJBJB8_2019_v35n2_105_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. Summary of metal pollution assessment indices for sediment

SJBJB8_2019_v35n2_105_t0003.png 이미지

Table 4. Correlation coefficients for organic matter, nutrients, and metals parameters (Spearman rho, n=17)

SJBJB8_2019_v35n2_105_t0004.png 이미지

References

  1. Akomeah, E. and Lindenschmidt, K. E. (2017). Seasonal variation in sediment oxygen demand in a northern chained river-lake system, Water, 9, 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9040254
  2. Brich, G. F. and Apostolatos, C. (2013). Use of sedimentary metals to predict metal concentrations in black mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) tissue and risk to human health (Sydney Estuary, Australia), Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20(8), 5481-5491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1538-8
  3. Burton, G. A. (2002). Sediment quality criteria in use around the world, Limnology, 3, 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s102010200008
  4. Butler, B. A. and Reisman, D. J. (2008). Preliminary results: release of metals from acid-mine drainage contaminated streambed sediments under anaerobic conditions, 25th Annual Meetings of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation and 10th Meeting of IALR 2008, American Society of Mining and Reclamation, USA, 206-222.
  5. Byun, J. H., Hwang, S. J., Kim, B. H., Park, J. R., Lee, J. K., and Lim, B. J. (2015). Relationship between a dense population of cyanobacteria and odorous compounds in the North Han river system in 2014 and 2015, Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, 48(4), 263-271. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2015.48.4.263
  6. Choi, J. S. (2005). Fish fauna and community in cheongpyeong reservoir, Korean Journal of Limnology, 38(1), 63-72. [Korean Literature]
  7. D'Angleo, E. M. and Reddy, R. E. (1994). Diagenesis of organic matter in a wetland receiving hypereutrophic lake water: I. distribution of dissolved nutrients in the soil and water column, Journal of Environmental Quality, 23, 928-936. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300050013x
  8. Folk, R. L. (1954). The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary-rock nomenclature, Journal of Geology, 62, 344-359. https://doi.org/10.1086/626171
  9. Goher, M. E., Farhat, H. I., Abdo, M. H., and Salem, S. G. (2014). Metal pollution assessment in the surface sediment of lake Nasser, Egypt, Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 40, 213-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2014.09.004
  10. Govers, L. L., Brouwer, J. H. F., Suykerbuyk, W., Bouma, T. J., Lamers, L. P. M., Smolers, A. J. P., and Katwijk, M. M. (2014). Toxic effects of increased sediment nutrient and orgnic matter loading on the seagrass zostera noltii, Aquatic Toxicoligy, 155, 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.07.005
  11. Hakanson, L. (1980). An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach, Water Research, 14, 975-1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8
  12. Horowitz, A. J. (1991). A primer on sediment-trace element chemistry, Lewis publish, Chelsea, 1-136.
  13. Hwang, D. W., Jin, H. G., Kim, S. S., Kim, J. D., Park, J. S., and Kim, S. G. (2006). Distribution of organic matters and metallic elements in the surface sediments of Masan harbor, Korea, Journal of the Korean Fisheries Society, 39(2), 106-117. [Korean Literature]
  14. Jung, K. W., Yoon, C. G., Lee, I. H., Lee, S. I., Kang, S. M., and Han, J. H. (2014). Pollutants release from sediments in estuarine reservoir, Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, 56(1), 1-9. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2014.56.1.001
  15. Kim, Y., Lee, B., Park, J., Shin, W., Chung, S. W., Choi, S., and Jun, H. (2016). Characteristic of sediment and correlation analysis of pollutant material with application of water purification equipment in lake, Korean Society of Water and Technology, Journal of Water Treatment, 24(6), 127-135. [Korean Literature]
  16. Korea Resources corporation (KORES). (2018). Korea Mineral Resources Geographic Information System (KMRGIS), www.kmrgis.net (accessed Oct. 2018)
  17. Lee, J., Kim, S., Song, J., and Lee, T. (2010). Evaluation of organic compounds and heavy metals in sediments from the urban streams in the Busan city, Journal of the Korean Geo-Environmental Society, 11(1), 35-43. [Korean Literature]
  18. McDonald, J. H. (2014). Handbook of biological statistics 3rd, spearman rank correaltion, Sparky House Publishing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 210-213. www.biostathandbook.com/spearman
  19. Ministry of Environment (ME). (2015). Survey on the environment and ecosystem of lakes in the Han River system (VIII), 11-1480347-000075-10, Han-River Research Center, xxv. [Korean Literature]
  20. Ministry of Environment (ME). (2016). Standard methods for the examination of environmental pollution (water pollution), [Ministry of Environment notice 2016-65, Enforcement Date 1st April, 2016], www.law.go.kr [Korean Literature]
  21. Ministry of Environment (ME). (2018). Water Environment Information System (WEIS), water.nier.go.kr/WaterData/sedimentSearch.do (accessed Oct. 2018).
  22. Mucha, A. P., Vasconcelos, M. T. S. D., and Bordalo, A. A. (2003). Macrobenthic community in the douro estuary: Relations with trace metals and natural sediment characteristics, Environmental Pollution, 121(2), 169-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00229-4
  23. Muller, G. (1969). Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine river, Geojournal, 2, 108-118.
  24. National Institute of Environment Research (NIER). (2011). Baseline concentrations of heavy metals in river sediments in Korea, National Institute of Environment Research, 38. [Korean Literature]
  25. National Institute of Environment Research (NIER). (2015). Guidelines for Assessing Contaminated Sediment in Streams and Lakes, [National Institute of Environment Research notice 2015-687, Enforced Date 16th November, 2015], www.law.go.kr. [Korean Literature]
  26. Ontario (2018) Guidelines for Identifying, Assessing and Managing Contaminated Sediments in Ontario, www.ontario.ca (accessed Aug. 2018)
  27. Pacyna, E. G., Pacyna J. M., Steenhuisen, F., and Wilson, S. (2006). Global anthropogenic mercury emission inventory for 2000, Atmosphere Environment, 40(22), 4048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.041
  28. Park, G. A., Kwon, H. J., and Kim, S. J. (2006). Analysis of geomorphological characteristics of Bukhan river basin based on hydrologic unit map, Korean Society of Civil Engineers, 26(3), 241-251. [Korean Literature]
  29. Phillips, D. P., Human, L. R. D., and Adams, J. B. (2015). Wetland plants as indicators of heavy metal contamination, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 92, 227-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.12.038
  30. Shin, H. J., Jeon, C. H., Choi, I. C., and Yeon, I. C. (2009). Estimation of beneficiary's willingness to pay in mid.downstream area to the water quality improvements in upper Bukhan river basin, Seoul Studies, 10(4), 91-106. [Korean Literature]
  31. United States Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA.) (2001). Methods for collection, storage and manipulation of sediments for chemical and toxicological analyses: technical manual, United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-823-B-01-002.
  32. Wang, L., Xia, J., Yu, J., Yang, L., Zhan, C., Qiao, Y., and Lu, H. (2017). Spatial variation, pollution assessment and source identification of major nutrients in surface sediments of Nansi lake, China, Water, 9(444), 1-12.
  33. Xiao, J., Chang, Z., Fan, J. W., Zhou, L., Zhai, D., Wen, R., and Qin, X. (2012). The link between grain-grain size components and depositional processes in a modern clastic lake, Sedimentology, 59, 1050-1062. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2011.01294.x
  34. Xu, J., Chen, Y., Zheng, L., Liu, B., Liu, J., and Wang, X. (2018). Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the sediment of the main tributaries of Dongting lake, China, Water, 10(1060), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020001
  35. Yang, C., Wu, Y., Zhang, F., Liu, L., and Pan, R. (2014). Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments from a source water reservoir, Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability, 28(1-4), 133-141.
  36. Yang, Y., Oh, D., Kim, D., Lee, D., Kil, G., Cho, Y., Lee, H., Cheon, S., and Chae, M. (2018). Pollution assessment in surface sediment of weir constructed sections in Geum river, Journal of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis, 21(3), 125-138. [Korean Literature]