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Pollution Assessment of Sediment in Lakes of Buk-han River Basin

북한강 수계 호소퇴적물 오염도 평가

  • Lee, Bo-Mi (Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Seon, Seong-Ki (Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Guk-Hui (Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Moon, Gwon-Young (Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Shin, Myoung-Chul (Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Hong, Jung-Ki (Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Kap-Soon (Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Yu, Soon-Ju (Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Huh, In-Ae (National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Noh, Hye-Ran (Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 이보미 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 성기선 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 김국회 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 문권영 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 신명철 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 홍정기 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 김갑순 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 유순주 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 허인애 (국립환경과학원) ;
  • 노혜란 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소)
  • Received : 2018.10.24
  • Accepted : 2019.02.13
  • Published : 2019.03.30

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the pollution assessment of organic matters, nutrients, and metals in sediment in major lakes (5 lakes and 17 sites) of Buk-han river using various sediment pollution assessment guidelines and indices. The concentrations of organic matters and nutrients were lower than class IV (Sediment pollution assessment guidelines of Korea) and Severe Effect Level (SEL, Sediment pollution assessment guidelines of Ontario). This results indicated that the lakes sediments were unpolluted and tolerable level for sediment dwelling organisms by organic matters and nutrients. However, several sites of Chuncheon and Soyang lakes were evaluated "heavily polluted" level by organic index (Org-index). The order of lakes by metals concentrations from the one with the highest concentration was Hwacheon, Chuncheon, Cheongpyeong, Uiam, Soyang. All lakes except Hwacheon were assessed unpolluted to marginally and tolerable level for sediment dwelling organisms by metals based on sediment pollution assessment guidelines (Korean and Ontario), indices of geoaccumulation ($I_{geo}$), pollution loading (PLI) and ecological risk (RI). In Lake Hwacheon, every investigated sites were polluted with metals, especially Hg, based on sediment pollution assessment guideline of Korea and indices ($I_{geo}$, PLI and RI). The dwelling organisms in sediment of Hwacheon Lake were likely to be severed by metals.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Sampling sites of lakes in Buk-han river basin.

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Fig. 2. Concentrations and sediment quality guidelines of LOI, TOC, T-N and T-P.

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Fig. 3. Org-Indices and pollution classes.

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Fig. 4. Concentration and sediment quality guidelines of metals.

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Fig. 5. (a) Loading plot and (b) score plot of two dominant principal components (Lakes identification: Cheongpyeong (1 ~ 3), Uiam (4 ~ 6), Chuncheon (7 ~ 9), Hwacheon (10 ~ 12), and Soyang (13 ~ 17)).

Table 1. Sediment quality guidelines for organic, nutrients, and metals

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Table 2. The indices of organic (Org-index), geoaccumulation (Igeo), pollution load (PLI), and ecological risk (RI) classes in relation to sediment quality

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Table 3. Summary of metal pollution assessment indices for sediment

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Table 4. Correlation coefficients for organic matter, nutrients, and metals parameters (Spearman rho, n=17)

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