Fig. 1. A schematic of the double-bath sonoreactor used in this study.
Fig. 2. Calorimetric/ultrasonic energy in the sonoreactor (the outer reactor) and the vessel (the inner reactor)for various experimental conditions under the same input energy condition (290W).
Fig. 3. Images of the damaged aluminium foil, for various experimental conditions under the same input energy condition, caused by ultrasound irradiation. (The foil was placed horizontally on the beads. Each height in the image representthe water height in the vessel).
Fig. 4. Deformation ratio (pixel number of damaged area/pixel number of total area) under various conditions.
Fig. 5. Images of the damaged aluminium foil, for various experimental conditions under the same input energy condition, caused by ultrasound irradiation (The foil was placed vertically on the beads. The small white dots on the foil are the pits generated by the sonophysical effects.).
Fig. 6. SCL (Sonochemiluminescence) images in the vessel for various experimental conditions under the same input energy condition.
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