Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회지)

Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회)
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Examination of the Applicability of TOC to Korean Trophic State Index (TSIKO)

한국형 부영양화지수(TSIKO)의 인자로서 TOC의 적용성 검토

  • Kim, Bomchul (Department of Environmental Science, Kangwon University) ;
  • Kong, Dongsoo (Department of Bioconvergence, Kyonggi University)
  • 김범철 (강원대학교 환경융합학부) ;
  • 공동수 (경기대학교 바이오융합학부)
  • Received : 2019.05.04
  • Accepted : 2019.05.30
  • Published : 2019.05.30
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Abstract

Korean Trophic State Index ($TSI_{KO}$) was developed in 2006, and was composed of COD ($COD_{Mn}$ based on permanganate method), Chlorophyll a (Chl.a) and total phosphorus (TP). However, $COD_{Mn}$ usually represents only 50-60% of total organic matter in stream or lake water due to low oxidizing power of permanganate. This study investigated the relationship between TOC and $COD_{Mn}$ based on the average data for the whole layer in 81 lakes in Korea, during the period 2013-2017. As a result, $COD_{Mn}$ was found to be 1.54 times more than TOC in 66 of the freshwater lakes and 3 brackish lakes (TOC measured using thermo-oxidation method). TOC was about a quarter of $COD_{Mn}$ in 8 coastal lakes (TOC measured using UV-persulfate oxidation method), and it appeared to be underestimated due to chloride interference. Using the data of 69 lakes with exception of 12 brackish lakes, $TSI_{KO}$(TOC) was developed based on the correlation between TOC and $COD_{Mn}$, while $TSI_{KO}$(COD) was replaced with $TSI_{KO}$(TOC). However, for trophic state assessment of brackish lakes, the $TSI_{KO}$(TOC) can only be utilized in case that TOC is measured through thermo-oxidation method. The determination coefficient of $TSI_{KO}$(Chl) to $TSI_{KO}$(COD) in 66 freshwater lakes and 3 brackish lakes was 0.83, while that to $TSI_{KO}$(TOC) was 0.68. This difference could be attributed to the recalcitrant organic part of TOC.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Relationship between TOC and CODMn based on the average data for the whole layer of 81 lakes in Korea during the period 2013-2017 (Closed circles represents data with electrical conductivity above 700 μS cm-1 and COD/TOC ratio above 2).

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Fig. 2. Fitness of TSIKO(TOC) to TSIKO(Chl) and quadrant analysis for deviation of TSIKO.

Table 1. The Pearson correlation coefficients (upper right part of the table) and two tailed p-values of paired t-test (lower left part) between the TSIs of 69 lakes (66 freshwater lakes and 3 brackish lakes with COD/TOC ratio below 2) in Korea

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Table 2. Trophic state classification of Brackish lakes by Korean trophic state index (TSIKO)

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