Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture (의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집)

Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture (한국의료복지건축학회)
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A Chronological Study on the Transformation and the Spatial Characteristics of Ambulatory Care Facilities in the United States

미국 외래진료시설의 시대적 변천과 공간적 특성에 관한 연구

  • Lee, Sukyung (Department of Architecture, Dong Seoul University) ;
  • Choi, Yoonkyung (Department of Architecture, Chung-ang University)
  • Received : 2019.04.15
  • Accepted : 2019.05.08
  • Published : 2019.06.15
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Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to examine spatial characteristics of ambulatory care department Chronologically through case studies; and to consider the social implication of these spatial changes. Methods: In this study, a total of eight ambulatory care departments, one or two for each period, were selected in order to analyze the spatial characteristics. Results: First, since the 1990s, the outpatient department of the US has been changed into a patient-centered space by providing high quality outpatient medical services through individual exam room planning. Second, the exam room has been changed from open/semi-open/group exam room to individual exam room since 1990, and the trend is shifting from the cluster type to the modular type consisting of universal exam rooms in order to achieve the flexibility of exam room. Third, the diagnostic/testing area has been deployed to the ambulatory clinic to enable 'one-stop shopping' for patients-centered care since 1990s, however, it has been disappearing since 2000 due to Reduce medical expenses. Fourth, the Central Nursing Station type first appeared in the outpatient department In the 2000s, followed by the type of decentralized nursing station type since 2010s. And fifth, the area of medical support has been placing to be concentrated on one place due to the Lean Design strategy since 2010. Implications: In the future, it is expected that Korea will be more focused on efficiency, visual control, and flexibility in the planning of the ambulatory care department as in the case of the United States.

Keywords

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[Figure 2] Dearborn Hospital Outpatient Department Proposal, 1940s

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[Figure 4] Kings County Hospital, 1944

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[Figure 5] Harlem Hospital, 1940s

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[Figure 7] the waiting and reception area of John Hopkins Medical center Outpatient center, 1992

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[Figure 8] Floor plan of John Hopkins Medical center Outpatient center, 1992

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[Figure 9] The University of Florida Ophthalmology Center, 1996

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[Figure 10] Genesis Medical Center, 2002

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[Figure 11] Austin Regional Clinic, 2016

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[Figure 12] Spectrum Outpatient Departament, 2017

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[Figure 13] The Flexibility of Exam room of Kaiser Permanente North Arundel Medical Center

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[Figure 14] Kaiser Permanente North Arundel MedicalCenter,2017

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[Figure 3] Dearborn Hospital Outpatient Department, 1940s

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[Figure 6] John Hopkins Medical center Outpatient center

[Table 1] The Transition of Ambulatory Care Facilities in the United States

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[Table 2] The List of Case Studies

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[Table 3] The Timeline of Healthcare Policies and Ambulatory Care facilities

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