The Plant Pathology Journal

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
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Phytoplasma Infection could Affect Chemical Composition of Artemisia sieberi

  • Hemmati, Chamran (Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan) ;
  • Nikooei, Mehrnoosh (Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan)
  • Received : 2019.01.03
  • Accepted : 2019.03.11
  • Published : 2019.06.01
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Abstract

Artemisia sieberi showing symptoms resembling those caused by phytoplasma were observed in Geno Mountain, Hormozgan Province, Iran, and were examined for phytoplasma presence by PCR assays. In addition, the essential oils hydrodistilled from the aerial parts of phytoplasma-infected and healthy plants have been analyzed and compared by GC and GC/MS. Phylogenetic and virtual RFLP analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the phytoplasma associated with A. sieberi witches' broom (AsWB) was a strain of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia'. The presence of the disease, however, induced a further enrichment (from 4.9 to 45.2%, a relative increase of 90%) of the entire monoterpene class as compared to the abundance in healthy samples. Conversely, a matching decrease in monoterpenoid (from 48.7 to 2%, a relative decrease of 90.2%) was observed in the infected plants. Besides the first report of phytoplasma infection of A. sieberi, the changes of its essential oils are reported.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Symptoms of witches’ broom and little leaf (A) in comparison with healthy Artemisia sieberi (B).

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Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree of partial 16S rDNA gene sequence from Artemisia sieberi witches’ broom phytoplasma isolates (marked in bold) and selected phytoplasma reference sequences. GenBank accession numbers are shown in brackets, and 16Sr groups are annotated to the right. Acholeplasma laidlawii was used as outgroup to root the tree. The tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method using MEGA 6 software. The bar indicates the number of nucleotides substitution per site. Bootstrap values are shown at nodes with greater than 50% support.

Table 1. Quantitative analysis of essential oil of 5 healthy and 5 phytoplasma-infected A. sieberi plants

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