Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Role Models on Entrepreneurship and Social Competence of Korean and Chinese University Students - Focused on Mediating Effect of Social Competence

역할모델이 한·중 대학생들의 기업가정신 및 사회적 역량에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 - 사회적 역량의 매개효과를 중심으로

  • Received : 2019.02.19
  • Accepted : 2019.05.03
  • Published : 2019.05.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Entrepreneurship has been received enormous attention all around the world in terms of economic prosperity of local society and a nation. This paper explores the critical factors which influence entrepreneurship, particularly how role models affects social competence and entrepreneurship of Korean and Chinese university students. Total 440 students participated in the study; Korea(n=224) and China(n=216). Verifying mediating effect of social competence was another aim of this study. Four hypotheses were suggested to assess the extent to which they prove the students' perceptions with hierarchical multiple regression analysis(PASW Statistic 18). Our findings showed that role models have positive relationships with social competence as well as entrepreneurship. Social competence influences entrepreneurship significantly, too. Social competence has also a partial mediating effect in relationship between role models and entrepreneurship. We presented both theoretical contribution and practical implication for school authorities and policy makers as to the effective pedagogy for promoting entrepreneurship of university students.

기업가정신은 지역 및 국가경제 활성화 측면에서 전 세계적으로 많은 관심을 받아오고 있다. 본 연구는 아시아지역 대학생들의 기업가정신에 영향을 미치는 핵심 요인들을 살펴보기 위해 진행되었다. 이를 위해 한국과 중국대학생들을 대상으로 역할모델이 대학생들의 사회적 역량 증진 및 기업가정신 함양에 미치는 영향을 실증분석 하였다. 또한 창업과정에 있어 사회적 역량의 중요성에 비추어 사회적 역량의 매개효과를 함께 검증하였다. 본 연구에는 한국과 중국 각각 3곳 대학교의 대학생들이 참가, 한국 224부, 중국 216부의 표본을 최종 확보하여 4개의 가설 검증에 이용하였다. 가설검증은 위계적 다중회귀분석방법(PASW Statistic 18)을 이용하였다. 검증결과 역할모델은 한국과 중국대학생 모두 기업가정신과 사회적 역량에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사회적 역량도 양국 대학생들의 기업가정신에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 사회적 역량은 역할모델과 기업가정신 사이에 부분매개효과를 갖는 것을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과의 이론적 기여 및 교육당국과 정책입안자들을 위한 실무적 시사점과 제안사항을 제시해 두었다.

Keywords

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n5_436_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Research Model

Table 1. Sample Characteristics

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n5_436_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Factor Analysis (Korea-China Integrated)

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n5_436_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. Correlation Matrix

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n5_436_t0003.png 이미지

Table 4. Regression Results for H1

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n5_436_t0004.png 이미지

Table 5. Regression Results for H2 and H3

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n5_436_t0005.png 이미지

Table 6. Mediating Effect of SC for H4

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n5_436_t0006.png 이미지

References

  1. S. Chlosta, H. Patzelt, S.B. Klein, C. Dormann, "Parental role models and the decision to become selfemployed: The moderating effect of personality", Small Business Economics , Vol.38, No.1, pp.121-138, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9270-y
  2. A. Kacperczyk, "Social influence and entrepreneurship: The effect of university peers on entrepreneurial entry", Organization Science , Vol.24, No.3, pp. 664-683, 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1120.0773
  3. M, Minniti, "Entrepreneurship and network externalities", Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol.57, No.1, pp. 1-27, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2004.10.002
  4. R. Nanda, J. Sorenson, "Workplace peer effects and entrepreneurship", Management Science, Vol.56, No.7, pp. 116-1126, 2010.
  5. G. A. Akerlof, R. E. Kranton, "Economics and identity", The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 115, No.3, pp. 715-753, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00012-0
  6. D. Fornahl, Entrepreneurial activities in a regional context, in: Dirk Fornahl and Thomas Brenner (Eds): Cooperation, Networks, and Institutions in Regional Innovation Systems, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 38-57, 2003.
  7. J. Krumboltz, A. Mitchell, G. A. Jones, "Social learning theory of career selection", The Counseling Psychologist, Vol.6, No.1, pp. 71-80, 1976. https://doi.org/10.1177/001100007600600117
  8. N. Bosma, J. Hessels, V. Schutjens, M. Van Praag, I. Verheul, "Entrepreneurship and role models", Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 410-424, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.03.004
  9. J. Y. Yang, J. Li, "The development of entrepreneurship in China", Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Vol.25, No.2, pp. 335-359, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-007-9078-8
  10. GEM. Global Report 2017/18 . the Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA).
  11. A. Bandura, Social Learning Theory, Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1977.
  12. H. Rahman, J. Day, "Who is your role model? The relationship between role models and student entrepreneurial motivation", Proceedings in ICSB World Conference, WA, USA, pp. 0-35, 2012.
  13. D. E. Gibson, "Role models in career development: New directions for theory and research", Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol.65, No.1, pp. 134-156. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00051-4
  14. S . M. Bridge, K. O'Neill, S. Cromie, Understanding Enterprise, Entrepreneurship and Small Business (3rd ed.), Palgrave MacMillan, pp. 103-133, 2003.
  15. R. Henderson, M. Robertson, "Who wants to be an entrepreneur? Young adult attitudes to entrepreneurship as a career", Education + Training, Vol.41, No.5, pp. 236-245, 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00011-9
  16. M. Wyrwich, M. Stuetzer, R. Sternberg, "Entrepreneurial role models, fear of failure, and institutional approval of entrepreneurship: A tale of two regions", Small Business Economics, Vol.46, No. 3, pp. 467-492, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9695-4
  17. O. Sorenson, P. G. Audia, "The social structure of entrepreneurial activity: Geographic concentration of footwear production in the United States, 1940- 1989", American Journal of Sociology, Vol.106, No.2, pp. 424-462, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1086/316962
  18. A. Walter, M. Auer, T. Ritter, "The impact of net- work capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation on university spin-off performance", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.21, No.4, pp. 541-567, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.02.005
  19. R. A. Baron, G. D. Markman, "Beyond social capital: The role of entrepreneurs' social competence in their financial success", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 41-60, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(00)00069-0
  20. N. R. Crick, K. A. Dodge, "A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment", Psychological Bulletin, Vol.115, No.1, pp. 74, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.74
  21. H. Wei, D. Bilimoria, S. Li, "How Does Culture Matter? The Xin (Heart-Mind)-based Social Compe- tence of Chinese Executives", Management and Organization Review, Vol.13, No.2, pp. 307-344, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/mor.2016.37
  22. R. Boyatzis, A. McKee, D. Goleman, Primal leadership: Learning to lead with emotional intelligence, McGraw-Hill, 2003.
  23. D. Mayer, M. DiPaolo, P. Salovey, "Perceiving affective content in ambiguous visual stimuli: A component of emotional intelligence", Journal of personality assessment, Vol.54, No.3-4, pp. 772-781, 1990. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.1990.9674037
  24. A. G. Halberstadt, S. A. Denham, J. C. Dunsmore, "Affective social competence", Social development, Vol.10, No.1, pp. 79-119, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9507.00150
  25. D. Fornahl, Entrepreneurial activities in a regional context. Cooperation, Networks and Institutions in Regional Innovation Systems, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 38-57, 2003.
  26. D. E. Gibson, D. I. Cordova, Women's and men's role models: The importance of exemplars, Psychology Press, pp. 135- 154, 1999.
  27. P. Davidsson, B. Honig, "The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs", Journal of business venturing, Vol.18, No.3, pp. 301-331, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00097-6
  28. E. Lafuente, Y. Vaillant, J. Rialp, "Regional differences in the influence of role models: Comparing the entrepreneurial process of rural Catalonia", Regional Studies, Vol.41, No.6, pp. 779- 796, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400601120247
  29. J. Wagner, R. Sternberg, "Start-up activities, individual characteristics, and the regional milieu: Lessons for entrepreneurship support policies from German micro data", The annals of regional science, Vol.38, No.2, pp. 219-240, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-004-0193-x
  30. M. B. Low, I. C. MacMillan, "Entrepreneurship: past research and future challenges" Journal of Management, Vol.14 No.2, pp. 139-161, 1988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014920638801400202
  31. K. H. Vesper, "Entrepreneurial Academics-How Can We Tell when the Field", Journal of Small Business Management, Vol.25, No.2, pp. 1-10, 1987.
  32. W. B. Gartner, "Some suggestions for research on entrepreneurial traits and characteristics", Entrepreneurship theory and practice, Vol.14, No.1, pp. 27-38, 1989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104225878901400103
  33. A. Cooper, Entrepreneurship: The past, the present, the future. Springer, Boston, MA, pp. 21-34, 2003.
  34. P. Reynolds, N. Bosma, E. Autio, S. Hunt, N. De Bono, I. Servais, P. Lopez-Garcia, N. Chin, "Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Data Collection Design and Implementation 1998--2003", Small Business Economics, Vol.24, No.3, pp. 205-231, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-1980-1
  35. N. C. Churchill, D. F. Muzyka, Entrepreneurial Management: A converging theory for large and small enterprises. Proceedings at Babson Entrepreneu- rial Research Conference, pp. 1-17, 1994.
  36. D. C. McClelland, "Testing for competence rather than for 'intelligence'", American psychologist, Vol.28, No.1, pp. 1-14, 1973. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034092
  37. M. M. Baluku, J. F. Kikooma, E. Bantu, K. Otto, "Psychological capital and entrepreneurial out-comes: the moderating role of social competences of owners of micro-enterprises in East Africa", Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Vol.8, No.1, pp. 1-23, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-018-0113-7
  38. C. Saarni, The development of emotional competence. Guilford Press, pp. 9-17, 1999.
  39. C. K. Prahalad, G. Hamel, "The core competence of the corporation", Harvard Business Review, Vol. 68, No.3, pp. 79-91, 1990.
  40. R. A. Baron, "Psychological perspectives on entrepreneurship: Cognitive and social factors in entrepreneurs' success", Current Directions in Psycho- logical Science, Vol.9, No.1, pp. 15-18, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00050
  41. T. Lans, V. Blok, J. Gulikers, "Show me your network and I'll tell you who you are: Social competence and social capital of early-stage entrepreneurs", Entrepreneurship & Regional Development , Vol.27, No.7-8, pp. 458-473, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2015.1070537
  42. K. Albrecht, Social intelligence: The new science of success. Willy, pp. 33-66, 2006.
  43. H. W. Williams, "Characteristics that distinguish outstanding urban principals: Emotional intelligence, social intelligence, and environmental adaptation", Journal of Management Development, Vol.27, No.1, pp. 36-54, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710810840758
  44. D. M. Cable, S. A. Shane, "Prisoner's dilemma approach to entrepreneur-venture capitalist relationships", Academy of Management Review, Vol.22, No.1, pp. 142-176, 1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1997.9707180262
  45. S. A. Alvarez, J. B. Barney, "Discovery and creation: alternative theories of entrepreneurial action", Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol.1, No.1-2, pp. 11-26, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.4
  46. R. Suddaby, G. D. Bruton, S. X. Si, "Entrepreneur- ship through a qualitative lens: Insights on the construction and/or discovery of entrepreneurial opportunity", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.30, No.1, pp. 1-10, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2014.09.003
  47. P. DiMaggio, Interest and agency in institutional theory. Chicago Press, pp. 3-21, 1988.
  48. N. Fligstein, "Social skill and the theory of fields", Sociological theory, Vol.19, No.2, pp. 105-125, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0735-2751.00132
  49. J. H. Yang, "The effect of role models on social competence and entrepreneurial attitude: Focused on Korean and Japanese university students", Korean Journal of Business Administration , Vol.31, No.11, pp. 1991-2012, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18032/kaaba.2018.31.11.1991
  50. R. W. Brislin, W. J. Lonner, R. M. Thorndike, Crosscultural research methods. Wiley, 1973.
  51. D. F. Kuratko, Introduction to entrepreneurship. South-Western. pp. 2-30, 2009.
  52. J. G. Covin, D. P. Slevin, "The influence of organization structure on the utility of an entrepreneurial top management style", Journal of management studies, Vol.25, No.3, pp. 217-234, 1988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00033.x
  53. J. F. Hair, M. Wolfinbarger, D. J. Ortinau, R. P. Bush, Essentials of Marketing Research. New York, McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2008.
  54. J. C. Nunnally, I. H. Bernstein, Psychometric Theory (3rd. ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1994.
  55. R. M. Baron, D. A. Kenny, "The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations", Journal of personality and social psychology , Vol.51, No.6, pp. 1173-1182, 1986. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  56. J. F. Hair, W. C. Black, B. J. Babin, R. E. Anderson, Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.), New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2010.