Journal of Apiculture (한국양봉학회지)

The Apicultural Society of Korea (한국양봉학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Honokiol as an Effective Antimicrobial Compound against Causative Agent of American foulbrood, Paenibacillus larvae

  • Song, Hyunchan (Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Ki-Young (Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University)
  • Received : 2019.01.16
  • Accepted : 2019.02.19
  • Published : 2019.06.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Recently, number of honeybees (Apis mellifera) has visibly decreased because they are vulnerable to some diseases like American foulbrood disease. American foulbrood disease, which is caused by Paenibacillus larvae, is emerged as great cause of decrease in number of honeybees. After antibiotic-resistant strain emerged, it is now more difficult to treat those pathogens successfully. Researches on finding alternative antibacterial compound are ongoing. In this study, we examined the antibacterial effect of honokiol on P. larvae. Honokiol showed great antibacterial effect with minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5 ㎍/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration of 50 ㎍/mL. An agar diffusion test also confirmed the anti-Paenibacillus larvae activity of honokiol with an inhibitory zone of 9±0.5 mm. Since honokiol is known to interact membrane of some bacteria, we measured 260 nm absorbing particles, which could be induced by leakage of cells, and confirmed that the leakage of P. larvae occurred in dose-dependent manners. However, result of crystal violet assay suggested that honokiol has only mild anti-biofilm formation effect on P. larvae, which means honokiol controls the bacteria by inducing the bursting of membrane. Finally, an additive effect of honokiol with tetracycline and terramycin was found using a checkerboard assay with a fractional inhibitory concentration index value of 0.5.

Keywords

References

  1. Bang, K. H., Y. K. Kim, B. S. Min, M. K. Na, Y. H. Rhee, J. P. Lee and K. H. Bae. 2000. Antifungal activity of magnolol and honokiol. Arch. Pharm. Res. 23(1): 46-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976465
  2. Chen, C. Z. and S. L. Cooper. 2002. Interactions between dendrimer biocides and bacterial membranes. Biomaterials 23(16): 3359-3368. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00036-4
  3. Dingman, D. W. and D. P. Stahly. 1983. Medium promoting sporulation of Bacillus larvae and metabolism of medium components. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46(4): 860-869. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.46.4.860-869.1983
  4. Fiebelkorn, K. R., S. A. Crawford, M. L. McElmeel and J. H. Jorgensen. 2003. Practical disk diffusion method for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41(10): 4740-4744. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.10.4740-4744.2003
  5. Fried, L. E. and J. L. Arbiser. 2009. Honokiol, a multifunctional antiangiogenic and antitumor agent. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 11(5): 1139-1148. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2009.2440
  6. Genersch, E., E. Forsgren, J. Pentikainen, A. Ashiralieva, S. Rauch, J. Kilwinski and I. Fries. 2006. Reclassification of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. pulvifaciens and Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae as Paenibacillus larvae without subspecies differentiation. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56(3): 501-511. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63928-0
  7. Gochnauer, T. A. 1951. Drugs fight foulbrood disease in bees, Minn. Home Fm. Sci. 9: 15.
  8. Huang, K. C. 1999. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. 2nd ed., CRC Press.
  9. Junaidah, A. S., H. H. Lian, D. F. Basri and N. M. Zin. 2014. Mode of action of endophytic Streptomyces sp., SUK 25 extracts against MRSA; microscopic, biochemical and time-kill analysis. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 30(1): 11-17.
  10. Maruyama, Y., H. Kuribara, M. Morita, M. Yuzurihara and S. T. Weintraub. 1998. Identification of magnolol and honokiol as anxiolytic agents in extracts of saiboku-to, an oriental herbal medicine. J. Nat. Prod. 61(1): 135-138. https://doi.org/10.1021/np9702446
  11. Miyagi, T., C. Y. Peng, R. Y. Chuang, E. C. Mussen and M. S. Spivak. 2000. Verification of oxytetracycline-resistant American foulbrood pathogen Paenibacillus larvae in the United States. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 75(1): 95-96. https://doi.org/10.1006/jipa.1999.4888
  12. Morse, R. A. and N. W. Calderone. 2000. The value of honey bees as pollinators of US crops in 2000. Bee Culture 128(3): 1-15.
  13. O'Toole, G. A. 2011. Microtiter dish biofilm formation assay. J Vis Exp. 47: 2437.
  14. Schwalbe, R., L. Steele-Moore and A. C. Goodwin. 2007. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocols. CRC Press.
  15. Vikso-Nielsen, A., T. M. Christensen, M. Bojko and J. Marcussen. 1997. Purification and characterization of β-amylase from leaves of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Physiol. Plant. 99(1): 190-196. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1997.990126.x
  16. White, G. F. 1906. Bacteria of the Apiary. Technical series (United States. Bureau of Entomology); no. 14.
  17. Woodbury, A., S. P. Yu, L. Wei and P. Garcia. 2013. Neuro-modulating effects of honokiol: a review. Front. Neurol. 4: 130.
  18. Zgoda, J. R. and J. R. Porter. 2001. A convenient microdilution method for screening natural products against bacteria and fungi. Pharm. Biol. 39(3): 221-225. https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.39.3.221.5934