DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparative study on retrofitting strategies for residential buildings after earthquakes

  • Yang, Mengqi (School of Geographical Sciences, Gangzhou University) ;
  • Zhang, Chi (School of Geographical Sciences, Gangzhou University)
  • Received : 2019.01.17
  • Accepted : 2019.02.20
  • Published : 2019.04.25

Abstract

During earthquakes, the performance of structures needs to be evaluated, which provides guidance for selecting suitable retrofitting schemes. The purpose of this paper is to accomplish seismic assessment of a simple steel residential building. Once the responses of the system are determined, the scope of the study extends to evaluate selected retrofitting strategies that are intended to rehabilitate the flaws of the structure under prescribed ground motions with high probability of occurrence at the site. After implementing the retrofits, seismic assessment of the upgraded structure is carried out to check if the remediation at various seismic performance levels is acquired or not. Outcomes obtained from retrofitted scenarios are compared to the results obtained from the initial un-retrofitted configuration of the structure. This paper presents the process for optimal selection of rehabilitation solutions considering the cost of implementation, downtime and disruption to property owners while improving the seismic performance level of the structure.

Keywords

References

  1. Bommer, J.J. and Elnashai, A.S. (1999), "Displacement spectra for seismic design", J. Earthq. Eng., 3(1), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469909350338
  2. British Standards (2006), Cold Formed Welded Structural Hollow Sections of Non-alloy and Fine Grain Steels, EN- 10219-1, BSI, London, UK.
  3. Calvi, G.M. and Kingsley, G.R. (1995), "Displacement based seismic design of multi-degree of freedom bridge structures", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 24(9), 1247-1266. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290240906
  4. Calvi, G.M. and Sullivan, T.J. (2009), A Model Code for the Displacement-based Design of Structures, IUSS Press, Pavia, Italy.
  5. Cardone, D., Perrone, G. and Sofia, S. (2011), "A performancebased adaptive methodology for the seismic evaluation of multispan simply supported deck bridges", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 9(5), 1463-1498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-011-9260-8
  6. Carr, A.J. (2005), "Ruaumoko2D: Time history analysis of nonlinear two-dimensional structures, and Post-processor for Ruaumoko: Dynaplot, User manual", Computer Program Library, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
  7. CEN (2002), Eurocode 1: Actions on structures-Part 1-1: General actions-Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings, EN 1991-1-1, Comite Europeen de Normalisation, Brussels, Belgium.
  8. CEN (2003), Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance-Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings, prEN 1998-1, Comite Europeen de Normalisation, Brussels, Belgium.
  9. Christopoulos, C. and Filiatrault, A. (2006), Principles of Passive Supplemental Damping and Seismic Isolation, IUSS Press, Pavia, Italy.
  10. Ciampoli, M. and Pinto, P.E. (1995), "Effects of soil-structure interaction on inelastic seismic response of bridge piers", J. Struct. Eng., 121(5), 806-814. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1995)121:5(806)
  11. Cimellaro, G.P., Lavan, O. and Reinhorn, A.M. (2009), "Design of passive systems for control of inelastic structures", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 38(6), 783-804. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.867
  12. Constantinou, M.C. (2004), "Friction pendulum double concave bearing", Technical Report, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY.
  13. Constantinou, M.C., Soong, T.T. and Dargush, G.F. (1998), "Passive energy dissipation systems for structural design and retrofit", MCEER-98-MN01, Multidisciplinary centre for earthquake engineering research, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, U.S.
  14. Della Corte, G., De Risi, R. and Di Sarno, L. (2013), "Approximate method for transverse response analysis of partially isolated bridges", J. Bridge Eng., 18(11), 1121-1130. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000473
  15. Dhakal, R.P., Mander, J.B. and Mashiko N. (2006), "Identification of critical ground motions for seismic performance assessment of structures", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 35(8), 989-1008. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.568
  16. Di Sarno, L. and Elnashai, A.S. (2003), "Special metals for seismic retrofitting of steel buildings", Prog. Struct. Eng. Mater., 5(2), 60-76. https://doi.org/10.1002/pse.143
  17. Di Sarno, L. and Elnashai, A.S. (2005), "Innovative strategies for seismic retrofitting of steel and composite structures", Prog. Struct. Eng. Mater., 7(3), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1002/pse.195
  18. Di Sarno, L. and Elnashai, A.S. (2009), "Bracing systems for seismic retrofitting of steel frames", J. Constr. Steel Res., 65(2), 452-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2008.02.013
  19. Di Sarno, L. and Manfredi, G. (2012), "Experimental tests on fullscale RC unretrofitted frame and retrofitted with bucklingrestrained braces", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 41(2), 315-333. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1131
  20. Elenas, A. and Vasiliadis, L. (2002), "Retrofit of a stone masonry school building damaged during the Athens earthquake of 7 September 1999", Proceedings of 12th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, London, UK, September.
  21. Elnashai, A.S. and Di Sarno, L. (2008), Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering, Wiley, New York.
  22. El-Tawil, S., Vidarsson, E., Mikesell, T. and Kunnath, S.K. (1999), "Inelastic behavior and design of steel panel zones", J. Struct. Eng., 125(2), 183-193. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:2(183)
  23. Faccioli, E., Paolucci, R. and Rey, J. (2004), "Displacement spectra for long periods", Earthq. Spectra, 20(2), 347-376. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1707022
  24. Faella, C., Martinelli, E. and Nigro, E. (2004), "Seismic assessment and retrofitting of r.c. existing buildings", Proceedings of 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, August.
  25. Fardis, M. (2007), "Guidelines for displacement-based design of buildings and bridges (LESSLOSS Report-2007/05)", IUSS Press, Pavia, Italy.
  26. FEMA-356 (2000), Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC.
  27. FEMA-450 (2003), NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC.
  28. Filiatrault, A. and Cherry, S. (1990), "Seismic design spectra for friction damped structures", J. Struct. Eng., 116(5), 1334-1355. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:5(1334)
  29. Ghobarah, A. and Abou-Elfath, H. (2001), "Rehabilitation of a reinforced concrete frame using eccentric steel bracing", Eng. Struct., 23(7), 745-755. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(00)00100-0
  30. Griffith, M. (2008), "Seismic retrofit of RC frame buildings with masonry infill walls: literature review and preliminary case study", JRC Scientific and Technical Reports, The Institute for the Protection and the Security of the Citizen, Ispra, Italy.
  31. Kim, J., Choi, H. and Min, K.W. (2003), "Performance-based design of added viscous dampers using capacity spectrum method", J. Earthq. Eng., 7(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460309350439
  32. Kim, K.D. and Engelhardt, M.D. (2002), "Monotonic and cyclic loading models for panel zones in steel moment frames", J. Constr. Steel Res., 58(5), 605-635. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-974X(01)00079-7
  33. Kowalsky, M.J., Priestley, M.J.N. and MacRae, G.A. (1995), "Displacement-based design of RC bridge columns in seismic regions", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 24(12), 1623-1643. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290241206
  34. Krawinkler, H. and Mohasseb, S. (1987), "Effects of panel zone deformations on seismic response", J. Constr. Steel Res., 8, 233-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-974X(87)90060-5
  35. Lavan, O., Cimellaro, G.P. and Reinhorn, A.M. (2008), "Noniterative optimization procedure for seismic weakening and damping of inelastic structures", J. Struct. Eng., 134(10), 1638-1648. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:10(1638)
  36. Mangalathu, S. and Burton, H. (2018), "Machine learning based damage detection of residential buildings", Proceedings of Neural Information Processing Systems 2018 (NeurIPS 2018), Montreal, Canada.
  37. Mangalathu, S. and Jeon, J.S. (2018), "Classification of failure mode and prediction of shear strength for reinforced concrete beam-column joints using machine learning techniques", Eng. Struct., 160, 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.01.008
  38. Martinez-Rodrigo, M.D. and Filiatrault, A. (2015), "A case study on the application of passive control and seismic isolation techniques to cable-stayed bridges: A comparative investigation through non-linear dynamic analyses", Eng. Struct., 99, 232-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.04.048
  39. Mylonakis, G. and Gazetas, G. (2000), "Seismic soil-structure interaction: beneficial or detrimental?", J. Earthq. Eng., 4(3), 277-301. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460009350372
  40. Ni, P. (2012), "Non-linear dynamic soil-structure interaction for displacement-based seismic assessment of bridges", Master's Thesis, European School for Advanced Studies in Reduction of Seismic Risk (ROSE School), Pavia, Italy.
  41. Ni, P. (2013), "Effects of soil-structure interaction on direct displacement-based assessment procedure of multi-span reinforced concrete bridges", Eur. J. Environ. Civil Eng., 17(7), 507-531. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2013.771111
  42. Ni, P. (2014), "Seismic assessment and retrofitting of existing structure based on nonlinear static analysis", Struct. Eng. Mech., 49(5), 631-644. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2014.49.5.631
  43. Ni, P. and Mangalathu, S. (2018), "Fragility analysis of gray iron pipelines subjected to tunneling induced ground settlement", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 76, 133-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2018.03.014
  44. Ni, P., Mangalathu, S. and Liu, K. (2018), "Enhanced fragility analysis of buried pipelines through Lasso regression", Acta Geotech., doi: 10.1007/s11440-018-0719-5.
  45. Ni, P., Mangalathu, S. and Yi, Y. (2018), "Fragility analysis of continuous pipelines subject to transverse permanent ground deformation", Soils Found., 58(6), 1400-1413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2018.08.002
  46. Ni, P., Petrini, L. and Paolucci, R. (2014), "Direct displacementbased assessment with nonlinear soil-structure interaction for multi-span reinforced concrete bridges", Struct. Infrastr. Eng., 10(9), 1211-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2013.802813
  47. Ni, P., Wang, S., Jiang, L. and Huang, R. (2012), "Seismic risk assessment of structures using multiple stripe analysis", Appl. Mech. Mater., 226, 897-900. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.226-228.897
  48. Pampanin, S., Christopoulos, C. and Priestley, M.J.N. (2002), "Residual deformations in the performance-based seismic assessment of frame structures", ROSE Research Report 2002/02, IUSS Press, Pavia, Italy.
  49. Panagiotakos, T.B. and Fardis, M.N. (2001), "A displacementbased seismic design procedure for RC buildings and comparison with EC8", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 30(10), 1439-1462. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.71
  50. Paolucci, R., Figini, R. and Petrini, L. (2013), "Introducing dynamic nonlinear soil-foundation-structure interaction effects in displacement-based seismic design", Earthq. Spectra, 29(2), 475-496. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.4000135
  51. Pinho, R. (2001), "Seismic assessment and upgrading of reinforced concrete buildings", Proceedings of 20th European Regional Earthquake Engineering Seminar, Sion, Switzerland, September.
  52. Priestley, M.J.N. (1997), "Displacement-based seismic assessment of reinforced concrete buildings", J. Earthq. Eng., 1(1), 157-192. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469708962365
  53. Priestley, M.J.N. and Kowalsky, M.J. (2000), "Direct displacement-based seismic design of concrete buildings", Bull. N.Z. Nat. Soc. Earthq. Eng., 33(4), 421-444.
  54. Priestley, M.J.N., Calvi, G.M. and Kowalsky, M.J. (2007), Displacement-based Seismic Design of Structures, IUSS Press, Pavia, Italy.
  55. Priestley, M.J.N., Grant, D.N. and Blandon, C.A. (2005), "Direct displacement-based seismic design", Proceedings of New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering Conference, Wairakei, New Zealand, March.
  56. Sadan, O.B., Lorenza, P. and Calvi, G.M. (2013), "Direct displacement-based seismic assessment procedure for multispan reinforced concrete bridges with single-column piers", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 42(7), 1031-1051. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2257
  57. Sahu, D., Nishanth, M., Dhir, P., Sarkar, S., Davis, R. and Mangalathu, S. (2019), "Stochastic response of reinforced concrete buildings using high dimensional model representation", Eng. Struct., 179, 412-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.10.083
  58. SEAOC (1995), Vision 2000: Performance based seismic engineering of buildings, Structural Engineers Association of California, Sacramento, California, U.S.
  59. SeismoSignal (2011), A Computer Program for Signal Processing of Strong Motion Data, Available from URL: http://www.seismosoft.com
  60. Singh, M.P. (2006), "Seismic protection of counterweight-rails in elevators in buildings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 35(3), 385-394. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.521
  61. Smerzini, C., Galasso, C., Iervolino, I. and Paolucci, R. (2014), "Ground motion record selection based on broadband spectral compatibility", Earthq. Spectra, 30(4), 1427-1448. https://doi.org/10.1193/052312EQS197M
  62. Tolis, S.V. and Faccioli, E. (1999), "Displacement design spectra", J. Earthq. Eng., 3(1), 107-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469909350342
  63. Tubaldi, E. and Dall'Asta, A. (2011), "A design method for seismically isolated bridges with abutment restraint", Eng. Struct., 33(3), 786-795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.12.002
  64. Vamvatsikos, D. and Cornell, C.A. (2002), "Incremental dynamic analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 31(3), 491-514. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.141

Cited by

  1. Seismic performance of non-ductile detailing RC frames: An experimental investigation vol.19, pp.6, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2020.19.6.485