Fig. 1. Effects of Dry-Lettuce ethanol extract (DLE) on nitric oxide (NO) production and cell viability in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage.
Fig. 2. Down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators such as iNOS and COX-2 genes by the treatment of DLE.
Fig. 3. Inhibition of phosphorylation of MAPKs and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB by DLE treatment.
Fig. 4. ROS scavenging effects of DLE and up-regulation of HO-1 via increased nuclear translocation of Nrf2 by DLE treatment.
Table 1. Sequences of oligonucleotide primers used for reverse-transcription PCR
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