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The Structural Relationship among Employees' Big Five Personality Traits, Self-esteem, Job Satisfaction, and Life Satisfaction: Focusing on Gender Differences

성격 5요인, 자아존중감, 직무만족도, 생활만족도 간 구조적 관계 검증: 성별에 따른 조절효과를 중심으로

  • Yeon, Eun-Mo (College of Basic Studies, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Choi, Hyo-Sik (Department of Education, Chuncheon National University of Education)
  • Received : 2018.12.31
  • Accepted : 2019.03.08
  • Published : 2019.03.31
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the structural relationships among the Big Five personality traits, self-esteem, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction of employees and to investigate how these relationships vary depend on gender. Using data from 1183 employees from the 18th and 19th Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) in 2015 and 2016, we investigate the structural relationships among variables including multi-group path analysis by gender. This study found that openness to experience(${\beta}=.07$), conscientiousness(${\beta}=.19$), and extraversion(${\beta}=.09$) were positively associated with employees' self-esteem while neuroticism was negatively associated(${\beta}=-.09$). Second, only neuroticism among the Big Five personality traits was significantly related to job satisfaction(${\beta}=.08$). Third, conscientiousness(${\beta}=.08$) and agreeableness(${\beta}=.09$) were significantly related to life satisfaction. Fourth, self-esteem positively affected career satisfaction(${\beta}=.31$) and life satisfaction(${\beta}=.29$). Fifth, self-esteem mediated the links between all Big Five personality traits, except agreeableness, as well as job and life satisfaction. Sixth, the effect of extraversion on life satisfaction had differences between male and female. These results imply that self-esteem enhancement program based on the Big Five personality traits should be implemented in order to improve employee's job and life satisfaction.

본 연구의 목적은 직장인을 대상으로 성격 5요인, 자아존중감, 직무만족도, 생활만족도 간의 구조적 관계를 살펴보고, 성별에 따라 성격 5요인, 자아존중감, 직무만족도, 생활만족도 간의 구조적 관계에 차이가 있는지 살펴보는 것이다. 한국노동패널조사 18차년도(2015년), 19차년도(2016년) 자료의 1,183명이 분석 대상이며, 구조방정식 모형 분석과 다집단 경로계수 크기 차이 검증을 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 성격 5요인 중 개방성(${\beta}=.07$), 성실성(${\beta}=.19$), 외향성(${\beta}=.09$)은 자아존중감에 정적인 영향을 미치며, 신경증(${\beta}=-.09$)은 자아존중감에 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 성격 5요인 중 신경증(${\beta}=.08$)만이 직무만족도에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 성격 5요인 중 성실성(${\beta}=.08$)과 친화성(${\beta}=.09$)이 생활만족도에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 자아존중감은 직무만족도(${\beta}=.31$)와 생활만족도(${\beta}=.29$)에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 개방성, 성실성, 외향성, 신경증은 자아존중감을 매개로 직무만족도, 생활만족도에 영향을 미치는 간접효과가 확인되었다. 여섯째, 성별에 따른 다집단 경로계수 크기 차이 검증 결과, 외향성이 생활만족도에 영향을 미치는 경로에서만 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 직장인의 직무만족도와 생활만족도를 높이기 위해서는 성격과 자아존중감을 함께 고려한 상담 및 지원 체계가 필요함을 시사한다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Structure model

Table 1. General characteristics of participants (N=1,183)

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Table 2. Mean, standard deviation and correlation matrix

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Table 3. Results of measurement model testing

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Table 4. Direct effects in the model

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Table 5. Indirect effects in the model

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Table 6. Fit indices for invariance verification

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Table 7. Result of multi-group comparison

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