Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Comparison of lunch quality through home meals, institutional meals, and eating-out in Chinese adults: analysis of the data from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey

중국 성인의 가정식, 급식, 외식을 통한 점심식사의 질 비교 : 2011년도 중국국민건강 영양조사 자료를 이용하여

  • Received : 2019.06.14
  • Accepted : 2019.12.05
  • Published : 2019.12.31
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Abstract

Purpose: This study evaluated the dietary quality of lunches consumed through home meals, institutional meals, and eating-out at restaurants in Chinese adults. Methods: The total of 3,708 people (aged 20 ~ 64) were selected from the data of the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey and divided into three groups: the home (HM, 2,845 people), institutional (IM, 579 people), and eating-out (EO, 284 people) meal groups. Dietary intakes of eight food groups, the frequency of eating certain foods, food group intake pattern, dietary diversity and the variety score of lunches were analyzed. Results: The meat intake of IM and EO were higher than that of HM (p < 0.05), and the vegetable intake was the highest in HM, followed by IM and EO (p < 0.05). The intake of fruit and milk·dairy products were extremely low in all the groups. Compared with 1/3 daily recommended intake, the meat intake was above the standard in all the groups and the vegetable intake was insufficient only in EO. The most frequently consumed food in all the groups was rice, followed by pork. The relatively desirable food group pattern, "grain + meat + vegetable", was highest in IM (66.0%) and lowest in EO (48.2%). The "grain + vegetable" pattern in HM and the "grain + meat" pattern in EO were relatively higher than that in the other groups. The dietary diversity score (p < 0.001) and dietary variety score (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in IM than that in the HM or EO. Conclusion: The lunches of Chinese adults had common problems in excess meat intake and a severe lack of fruit and milk·dairy products. Even institutional meals were not ideal as single meals for Chinese adults, although they were better in food diversity. Customized dietary educational programs based on balanced meal plans need to be established, especially for those Chinese people having lunch at home or eating out. In addition, a systematic food service program should be developed and firmly implemented.

본 연구에서는 2011년 중국국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 20 ~ 64세 중국 성인이 섭취한 점심식사의 질을 가정식, 급식, 외식으로 구분하여 분석하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 총 대상자 3,708명 중 76.7%가 가정에서 점심식사를 하고 있었으며, 급식은 15.6%, 외식은 7.7%에 해당하였다. 가정식군은 여성이 남성보다 많았으나, 급식군과 외식군은 남성이 여성보다 많았다. 가정식군은 농촌 거주자가, 급식군과 외식군은 도시 거주자가 더 많았다. 둘째, 식품군별 섭취량을 분석한 결과, 곡류·서류·콩류와 생선류는 세 군 모두 권장섭취량 범위에 있었으나, 육류 섭취량은 세 군 모두 과다하였다. 특히 급식군과 외식군의 경우 권장섭취량의 2배 이상 섭취하고 있었다. 가정식군과 급식군의 채소류 섭취량은 권장섭취량 범위 내에 있었지만, 외식군은 20 g 이상 부족하였다. 과일류와 우유 및 유제품류 섭취량은 세 군 모두에서 매우 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 다빈도 섭취 식품을 분석한 결과 전체적으로 섭취빈도가 가장 높은 식품은 쌀과 돼지고기였고, 가장 많이 섭취한 채소는 청경채와 배추였다. 외식군은 가정식군과 급식군에 비해 채소류로 섭취한 식품의 종류가 적었고 쇠고기의 섭취 빈도가 높았으며, 빵 및 면류 식품의 섭취빈도가 높았다. 넷째, 식품군 섭취패턴을 분석한 결과, '곡류+ 육류+ 채소류' 패턴이 55.5%로 가장 많았다. '곡류+ 육류+ 채소류' 패턴은 급식군에서 그 비율이 가장 높았고, 외식군에서 상대적으로 낮았다. 가정식군에서는 '곡류+ 채소류' 패턴이, 외식군에서는 '곡류+ 육류' 패턴의 비율이 상대적으로 높았다. 다섯째, 전체적으로 식품군점수는 5점 만점에 평균 2.4점, 식품섭취 가짓수는 평균 3.4개로 섭취한 식품의 다양성이 부족한 것으로 나타나 개선의 필요가 있었다. 급식군의 식품군점수와 식품섭취 가짓수가 가정식군이나 외식군보다 유의적으로 높았다. 본 연구결과를 종합해보면, 중국 성인의 점심 식사는 육류 섭취가 과다하며, 과일류와 우유 및 유제품류의 섭취가 매우 부족한 공통적인 문제점이 있었다. 가정식의 경우 식사의 다양성 측면에서 곡류, 육류, 채소류를 모두 섭취할 수 있도록 영양교육이 필요하며, 외식의 경우 육류의 섭취가 지나치게 많고 채소류 섭취가 부족하여 개선의 필요가 있다. 또한 급식은 외식이나 가정식보다 식품 다양성 측면에서 바람직한 것으로 나타났으나, 점심식사의 기본적인 구성요소라고 할 수 있는 곡류, 육류, 채소류를 모두 섭취한 비율이 2/3에도 미치지 못하고 있어 체계적인 급식 프로그램을 도입할 필요가 있다.

Keywords

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