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관찰자적 다큐멘터리의 내러티브 양식 연구: 프레데릭 와이즈먼과 이승준의 다큐멘터리 비교를 중심으로

A Study on Narrative mode of Observational Mode Documentary : Focused on Comparison of Frederic Wiseman Documentary & Lee, Seung Jun Documentary

  • 임영호 (배재대학교 미디어콘텐츠학과)
  • 투고 : 2018.12.04
  • 심사 : 2019.01.20
  • 발행 : 2019.01.28

초록

본 연구에서는 관찰에 방점을 둔 관찰자적 다큐멘터리(observational documentary)에 주목하였다. 이에 외국에서 오랫동안 활동했던 대표적 관찰자적 다큐멘터리 감독인 프레데릭 와이즈먼(Frederick Wiseman)과 최근 한국에서 활발한 활동을 보이고 있는 이승준 감독의 작품의 내러티브 양식에 대해 분석하며 동 서양의 사회적 문화적 배경에 따라 내러티브 양식이 어떤 방식으로 달리 구현되는지 비교 분석하였다. 분석결과, 단순할 수 있는 내용을 시퀀스 구성을 통해 갈등으로 형상시키는 관찰자적 전통 양식과 인간 스스로 내면적 갈등을 극으로 승화시키는 최근 양식은 단순히 무엇이 더 낫다고 판단하기 어렵겠지만 다양성이 확보되고 있다는 측면에서 의미가 있다는 것을 발견했다. 이는 추후 전통적인 다큐멘터리 방식도 다양한 변화가 가능하다는 가능성을 발견했다는 측면에서 의미가 있다. 또한, 다큐멘터리가 전통적 형식에서 벗어나 다양한 스타일로, 창의적이고 다양한 주제를 형성 할 수 있다는 것을 보여주는 결과라고 할 수 있다. 다만 본 연구에서 제한적인 다큐멘터리를 질적으로 분석하였다는 것이 약점이 될 수 있기 때문에 추후에는 더욱 많은 수의 작품과 감독으로 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

In this study, it focused on observational documentary based on observation. This study comparatively analyzed how differently the narrative style is implemented depending on the social and cultural background of East and West by analyzing the narrative style of Frederick Wiseman, a representative director of observational documentary who has been active in foreign countries for a long time, and Lee Seung-jun, recently become active in Korea. As a result of the analysis, It might be too early to judge by simple comparison of two directors, but it became an opportunity to see the difference between the long-standing observer style and the observer style documentary which actively accepts the new form. While it cannot be simply judged which style is better between the traditional observer style which shapes the simple contents into conflicts in the sequence structure and the recent style which sublimates the human inner conflict into the drama, a side could have been seen that the diversity is attained. It can be judged that the traditional documentary film can be gradually changed later. It was found that the documentary can emerge from the logic that it is difficult and boring, and that the same theme can be various and creative depending on what style is chosen.

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