Korean Journal of Cognitive Science (인지과학)

The Korean Society for Cognitive Science (한국인지과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Considerations about Evolutionary Ecological Study of Psychiatry

정신의학의 진화생태학적 연구 시 고려사항

  • Park, Hanson (Department of Anthropology, Seoul National University College of Social Science)
  • 박한선 (서울대학교 사회과학대학 인류학과)
  • Received : 2019.12.02
  • Accepted : 2019.12.05
  • Published : 2019.12.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Evolutionary research on mental disorders is relatively difficult compared to other medical studies. It is because the cause of mental disorder is unclear relative to other medical diseases, various proximate causations are involved. And it is difficult to distinguish cause and effect and to carry out experimental research. Despite these methodological difficulties, it is possible to establish an evolutionary hypothesis on mental disorders based on constructive reductionism, and to demonstrate actual data on the model based on this hypothesis. In this paper, I will discuss some conceptual definitions needed for applying ecological approaches to evolutionary psychiatric research. We will first discuss the appropriate level of explanations and the scope of the study subjects, then discuss the conceptual definition of behaviour and function, dysfunction and the appropriate level of selection.

정신장애에 관한 진화 연구는 다른 의학 연구에 비해 어렵다. 정신장애는 신체 질병에 비해 근연원인(proximate causation)이 불명확하고, 다양한 요인이 관여하며, 원인과 결과를 구분하기 어렵고, 실험적 연구를 수행하는 것도 쉽지 않기 때문이다. 이러한 난점에도 불구하고 우선 환원 모델을 이용하여 정신장애에 관한 진화 가설을 수립하고 이를 바탕으로 실제 데이터를 실증해나가는 방법이 가능할 것이다. 본고에서는 이러한 입장에서 생태학적 접근 방법을 진화정신의학 연구에 적용할 때 필요한 몇 가지 개념 정의에 대해 논의하고자 한다. 인간의 정신병리를 진화적으로 탐구할 때 적합한 설명의 수준, 연구 대상의 범위를 논의하고, 행동과 기능, 역기능의 개념 정의, 연구 대상으로서 적절한 선택의 층위에 대하여 다루고자 한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Alexander, R. D., & Borgia, G. (1978). Group selection, altruism, and the levels of organization of life. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 9(1), 449-474. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.09.110178.002313
  2. APA. (2013). The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM 5. Washington, D.C.:American Psychiatric Association.
  3. Bank, C., Ewing, G. B., Ferrer-Admettla, A., Foll, M., & Jensen, J. D. (2014). Thinking too positive? Revisiting current methods of population genetic selection inference. Trends in Genetics, 30(12), 540-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2014.09.010
  4. Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond. New York: Guilford.
  5. Bell, A. M. (2007). Future directions in behavioural syndromes research. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 274(1611), 755-761. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0199
  6. Bolton, D. (2008). What is mental disorder?: an essay in philosophy, science, and values. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  7. Cartwright, J. (2016). Evolution and human behaviour : Darwinian perspectives on the human condition (3rd ed.). New York: Palgrave.
  8. Chagnon, N. A., & Irons, W. (1979). Evolutionary biology and human social behavior: An anthropological perspective. North Scituate: Duxbury Press
  9. Cialdini, R. B., & Rhoads, K. V. (2001). Human behavior and the Marketplace. Marketing Research, 13(3), 8-13
  10. Clutton-Brock, T. H., & Harvey, P. H. (1979). Comparison and adaptation. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 205(1161), 547-565. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1979.0084
  11. Comer, R. J. (2010). Abnormal psychology. New York: Macmillan.
  12. Crawford, C. (1998a). Environments and adaptations: Then and now. In Handbook of evolutionary psychology: Ideas, issues, and applications, Editors: Charles Crawford, Dennis L. Krebs. 275-302. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
  13. Crawford, C. (1998b). The theory of evolution in the study of human behavior: An introduction and overview. In Handbook of evolutionary psychology: Ideas, issues, and applications, Editors: Charles Crawford, Dennis L. Krebs. 3-41. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
  14. Dall, S. R., Houston, A. I., & McNamara, J. M. (2004). The behavioural ecology of personality: consistent individual differences from an adaptive perspective. Ecology letters, 7(8), 734-739. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00618.x
  15. Del Giudice, M. (2018). Evolutionary psychopathology: A unified approach. New York: Oxford University Press.
  16. Dennett, D. C. (1983). Intentional systems in cognitive ethology: The "Panglossian paradigm" defended. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 6(3), 343-355. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00016393
  17. DeWitt, T. J., Sih, A., & Wilson, D. S. (1998). Costs and limits of phenotypic plasticity. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 13(2), 77-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01274-3
  18. Dingemanse, N. J., & Reale, D. (2005). Natural selection and animal personality. Behaviour, 142(9-10), 1159-1184. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853905774539445
  19. Ellison, P. T. (2014). Evolutionary Tradeoffs. Evolution, medicine, and public health, 2014(1), 93-93. https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eou015
  20. Elster, J. (1982). The case for methodological individualism. Theory and society, 11(4), 453-482. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00162324
  21. Elster, J. (1983). Explaining technical change: A case study in the philosophy of science. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  22. Fabrega, H. (2012). Conditions of Psychiatric Interest in Early Human History. New York: Edwin Mellen Press.
  23. Field, T. A., Beeson, E. T., & Jones, L. K. (2015). The new ABCs: A practitioner's guide to neuroscience-informed cognitive-behavior therapy. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 37(3), 206-220. https://doi.org/10.17744/1040-2861-37.3.206
  24. Fodor, J. A. (1983). The modularity of mind. Cambridge: MIT press.
  25. Frank, S. A. (1998). Foundations of social evolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  26. Fretwell, S. D. (1975). The impact of Robert MacArthur on ecology. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 6(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.06.110175.000245
  27. Freud, S. (1900). The Interpretation of Dreams. London: Hogarth.
  28. Fulford, K. (2014). Values-based practice: the facts: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  29. Gardner, A., & Grafen, A. (2009). Capturing the superorganism: a formal theory of group adaptation. Journal of evolutionary biology, 22(4), 659-671. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01681.x
  30. Gould, S. J., & Lewontin, R. C. (1979). The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 205(1161), 581-598. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1979.0086
  31. Grafen, A. (1984). Natural selection, kin selection and group selection. Behavioural ecology: An evolutionary approach, 2, 62-84.
  32. Grafen, A. (1999). Formal darwinism, the individual-as-maximizing-agent analogy and bet-hedging. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 266(1421), 799-803. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1999.0708
  33. Harpending, H., & Rogers, A. (1987). On Wright's mechanism for intergroup selection. Journal of theoretical biology, 127(1), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5193(87)80160-1
  34. Heller, R., & Milinski, M. (1979). Optimal foraging of sticklebacks on swarming prey. Animal Behaviour, 27, 1127-1141. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(79)90061-7
  35. Homans, G. C. (1967). The nature of social science. New York: Harcourt.
  36. Keller, M. C., & Miller, G. (2006). Resolving the paradox of common, harmful, heritable mental disorders:which evolutionary genetic models work best? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 29(4), 385-404. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X06009095
  37. Kingma, E. (2013). Naturalist accounts of mental disorder. In The Oxford handbook of philosophy and psychiatry, Editors: Davies, M., Graham, G., Sadler, J., Fulford, K., Stanghellini, G., Thornton, T., & Gipps, R., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 363-384.
  38. Krebs, J. R., & Davies, N. B. (2009). Behavioural ecology: an evolutionary approach. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
  39. Leigh Jr, E. G. (1991). Genes, bees and ecosystems: the evolution of a common interest among individuals. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 6(8), 257-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(91)90073-7
  40. Levins, R. (1966). The strategy of model building in population biology. American Scientist, 54(4), 421-431.
  41. Lorenz, K. (1982). The foundations of ethology: the principal ideas and discoveries in animal behavior. New York: Touchstone.
  42. Lynch, M., & Walsh, B. (1998). Genetics and analysis of quantitative traits. Sunderland: Sinauer.
  43. Marr, D. (1982). Vision : a computational investigation into the human representation and processing of visual information. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman.
  44. Smith, J. M. (1976). Group Selection. The Quaterly Review of Biology, 51(2), 277-283. https://doi.org/10.1086/409311
  45. McCrae, R. R., & Costa Jr, P. T. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist, 52(5), 509-516 https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.5.509
  46. McGuire, M. T., & Troisi, A. (1998). Darwinian psychiatry. New York: Oxford University Press.
  47. Medawar, P. B. (1982). Pluto's republic incorporating the art of the soluble and induction and intuition in scientific thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  48. Michod, R. E. (1996). Cooperation and conflict in the evolution of individuality. II. Conflict mediation. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 263(1372), 813-822. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1996.0121
  49. Nesse, R. M. (2005). Evolutionary psychology and mental health. In The handbook of evolutionary psychology, Editors: David Buss 1-20.
  50. Nesse, R. M. (2009). Evolution at 150: time for truly biological psychiatry. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 195(6), 471-472. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.072074
  51. Nesse, R. M., & Jackson, E. D. (2006). Evolution: psychiatric nosology’s missing biological foundation. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 3(2), 121-131.
  52. Park, C., & Kang, U. (2018a). Evolutionary psychiatry I-concept of evolutionary psychology and evolutionary psychopathology. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 57(2), 157-172. https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2018.57.2.157
  53. Park, C., & Kang, U. (2018b). Evolutionary psychiatry II-mental functions and diseases from the evolutionary perspective. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 57(2), 173-189. https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2018.57.2.173
  54. Park, H. (2014). Evolutionary Approaches toward Psychiatry. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 53(6), 347-357. https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2014.53.6.347
  55. Park, H., & Pak, S. (2015). Research methodologies of evolutionary psychiatry. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 54(1), 49-61. https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2015.54.1.49
  56. Reale, D., Reader, S. M., Sol, D., McDougall, P. T., & Dingemanse, N. J. (2007). Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution. Biological reviews, 82(2), 291-318. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185x.2007.00010.x
  57. Roemer, J. E. (1982). Methodological individualism and deductive Marxism. Theory and society, 11(4), 513-520. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00162327
  58. Rogers, A. R. (1990). Group selection by selective emigration: the effects of migration and kin structure. The American Naturalist, 135(3), 398-413. https://doi.org/10.1086/285053
  59. Shettleworth, S. J. (2010). Clever animals and killjoy explanations in comparative psychology. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14(11), 477-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.07.002
  60. Sih, A., Bell, A., & Johnson, J. C. (2004). Behavioral syndromes: an ecological and evolutionary overview. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 19(7), 372-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2004.04.009
  61. Sih, A., Bell, A. M., Johnson, J. C., & Ziemba, R. E. (2004). Behavioral syndromes: an integrative overview. The Quarterly review of biology, 79(3), 241-277. https://doi.org/10.1086/422893
  62. Simon, J. L. (1969). Basic research methods in social science. New York: Random House
  63. Slavin, M. O., & Kriegman, D. H. (1992). The adaptive design of the human psyche: Psychoanalysis, evolutionary biology, and the therapeutic process. New York: Guilford press.
  64. Smith, E., & Winterhalder, B. (1992). Evolutionary Ecology and Human Behavior. New York : Aldine de Gruyter.
  65. Starfield, A. M., & Bleloch, A. L. (1986). Building models for conservation and wildlife management. New York: Macmillan.
  66. Stevens, A., & Price, J. (1996). Evolutionary psychiatry: A new beginning. London: Routledge.
  67. Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (1990). On the universality of human nature and the uniqueness of the individual: The role of genetics and adaptation. Journal of personality, 58(1), 17-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00907.x
  68. Uyenoyama, M., & Feldman, M. W. (1980). Theories of kin and group selection: a population genetics perspective. Theoretical population biology, 17(3), 380-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-5809(80)90033-7
  69. van Dongen, J., & Boomsma, D. I. (2013). The evolutionary paradox and the missing heritability of schizophrenia. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 162(2), 122-136. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32135
  70. Wakefield, J. C. (1992). Disorder as harmful dysfunction: a conceptual critique of DSM-III-R 's definition of mental disorder. Psychological review, 99(2), 232-247. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.99.2.232
  71. Weir, K. (2012). The roots of mental illness: How much of mental illness can the biology of the brain explain. Monitor on Psychology, 43(6), 30.
  72. Whitham, W., & Washburn, D. A. (2017). A history of animal personality sesearch. In Personality in nonhuman animals. Editors: Jennifer Vonk, Alexander Weiss, Stan A. Kuczaj. New York: Springer. 3-16
  73. Williams, G. C. (1966/2008). Adaptation and Natural Selection-A Critique of Some Current Evolutionary Thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  74. Wynne-Edwards, V. C. (1986). Evolution through group selection. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific.