A Study of System and Practices of the Old Age Pension in North Korea

북한 년로년금의 제도와 실태에 관한 연구

  • Min, Ki-Chae (Korea National University of Transportation) ;
  • Cho, Sung-Eun (Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs) ;
  • Han, Kyoung-Hun (Social Welfare Research Center, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2018.04.18
  • Accepted : 2018.05.29
  • Published : 2018.06.30

Abstract

This paper analyzes the consistency and the discrepancy between system and practices of the old age pension(Nyunronyungeum) in North Korea. The literature review is conducted to analyze the system. Specifically, the North Korean law and North Korean dictionaries were carefully examined. The interviews with 25 North Korean refugees were conducted to grasp the exact state of the old age pension in North Korea. Major findings are as follows: the consistency between system and practices of the old age pension in North Korea is identified only certain portions of that. Beneficiaries(blue-collar workers, white-collar workers, farmers, soldiers, and employees in foreign-invested enterprises), contribution periods, earning-related schemes, the totalization of periods of coverage(workplace transitions), the absence of double benefits and early retirement pension, and the delivery system around Civic Service offices(Dong offices) are confirmed by complete consistency. Preservation age, variations in the implementation of the pension system by region, and premium of the old age pension are confirmed by partial consistency. The length of service, the labor regulation, lump-sum payment, and double dipping are confirmed by discrepancies. It's important that this study brings about a better understanding the old age pension in North Korea through various original texts of North Korea and interviews with refugees. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the policy production for the age income security system after the unification and to the spread of unification perspectives.

본 연구는 노후소득보장체계의 핵심인 공적연금에 해당하는 북한 년로년금에 대해 공간(公刊) 문헌에 기초하여 제도를 분석하고 북한이탈주민 인터뷰를 통해 실태를 파악함으로써 제도와실태 간 일치 및 괴리를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 연구방법은 1945년부터 2013년까지 사회보장과 관련된 북한 법령과 북한 사전(정치사전, 경제사전, 재정금융사전, 조선대백과사전)을 활용한 문헌분석 및 눈덩이 표집방법을 활용한 25명의 북한이탈주민 면접자료의질적 분석이다. 연구결과, 북한 년로년금의 제도와 실태는 일부에서만 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 사회주의 국가체제에서 국가책임의 공적연금이 제대로 작동하지 않을 경우 결국 가족의 역할이 강조될 수밖에 없다. 본 연구의 학술적 함의로는 다양한 북한 원자료에 기초한 연금제도 이해와 북한이탈주민 인터뷰를 통한 실태 해석이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과물이 통일시대 노후소득보장 체계 구축에서 가족, 시장, 국가 간의 균형을 찾는데 기여할 수있을 것이다.

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