환경영향평가 (Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment)

한국환경영향평가학회 (Korean Society of Environmental Impact Assessment)
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농촌지역 대기 중 PM2.5의 화학적 특성과 오염원 정량 평가

Source Apportionment and Chemical Characteristics of Atmospheric PM2.5 in an Agricultural Area of Korea

  • 정진희 (충남대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 임종명 (한국원자력연구원 환경방사능평가실) ;
  • 이진홍 (충남대학교 환경공학과)
  • Jeong, Jin-Hee (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lim, Jong-Myoung (Environmental Radioactivity Assessment Team, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Jin-Hong (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam National University)
  • 투고 : 2018.06.01
  • 심사 : 2018.09.17
  • 발행 : 2018.10.31
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초록

본 연구에서는 충청남도 논산시 농촌지역의 대기 중 블랙카본, 이온, 금속원소 등을 포함한 $PM_{2.5}$의 화학적 특성을 규명하고 $PM_{2.5}$의 오염원을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 분석의 정도관리를 평가한 결과, 금속원소를 포함한 대부분의 미량성분의 분석값은 상대오차와 상대표준편차가 10% 미만이었다. 농촌지역의 $PM_{2.5}$의 평균 농도($20.1{\pm}10.1{\mu}g/m^3$)는 2018년에 강화된 연평균 기준을 초과하는 수준이었다. $PM_{2.5}$와 탄소 및 이온성분은 서로 유의한 상관성을 보였고, 미량성분의 농도는 $10^{-3}{\sim}10^4ng/m^3$ 범위인 것으로 나타났다. 양의 인자 분석법(PMF, Positive Matrix Factorization)을 이용하여 오염원을 평가한 결과, 농촌지역의 $PM_{2.5}$의 오염원은 secondary aerosol(34.4%), soil/road dust(20.1%), biomass burning(16.9%), incineration/fuel combustion(13.2%), vehicle exhaust(12.2%), sea-salt(3.17%) 이었다. 도시지역과 달리 농촌지역은 연소와 관련된 오염원이 중요하였고 따라서, 농촌지역의 관리 대상 오염원으로서 불법소각은 세심한 대책을 필요로 한다.

In this study, chemical characteristics of $PM_{2.5}$ samples collected in an agricultural area in Nonsan of Korea were investigated focusing on of black carbon, 3 inorganic ions and 22 trace elements. It was found that the relative error and relative standard deviation of many trace elements fell below 10%, which indicates good analytical accuracy and precision. The mean values of $PM_{2.5}$ in an agricultural area were exceeded by new Korean air quality standard of March 2018. The concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ was well correlated with those of black carbon and ions. The concentrations of trace elements were in a wide range of seven orders of a magnitude. Based on these $PM_{2.5}$ data sets, a total of 6 sources were identified using PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization; secondary aerosol (34.4%), soil/road dust (20.1%), biomass burning (16.9%), incineration/fuel combustion (13.2%), vehicle exhaust(12.2%), sea-salt (3.17%). Results of our study indicate that it is very important to control illegal burning activities in agricultural area.

키워드

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