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부산 녹산동 조질청자의 고고화학적 분석

An Analysis of Archaeological Chemistry on the Low-grade Celadons Excavated at Noksan dong, Busan in Korea

  • 남경민 (국립해양문화재연구소) ;
  • 김규호 (국립공주대학교 문화재보존과학과)
  • Nam, Kyung Min (National Research Institute of Maritime Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Kim, Gyu-Ho (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Science, Kongju National University)
  • 투고 : 2018.07.27
  • 심사 : 2018.10.12
  • 발행 : 2018.10.20

초록

부산 녹산동 가마터에서 출토된 12세기 조질청자를 중심으로 가마터 4기에서 출토된 35점을 분석 시료로 선정하고 색도, 비중 및 흡수율, 미세구조 관찰과 태토와 유약의 조성을 분석하였다. 청자의 태토 색도는 가마에 상관없이 모두 비슷했으며 4 5호 가마 출토 선정 도편은 2 3호보다 명도가 어둡고, 채도는 회색계와 갈색계로 구분된다. 유약은 적색과 황색의 기여도가 높은 편이다. 선정된 도편의 기공률은 회색계 8.8%이고 갈색계 16.1%로 태토 색상에 따라 차이를 보인다. 태토와 유약의 주성분은 청자의 전형적인 성분 범주에 속하지만 $TiO_2$의 함량이 차이가 있다. 2 3호 가마와 4 5호 가마 청자의 가시적 차이는 사용 원료보다 수비 및 번조공정에 따른 것으로 볼 수 있으며 $Fe_2O_3$$K_2O$의 함량 차이는 공정 과정에서 배합기술의 변화를 시도한 결과로 볼 수 있다. 결론적으로 녹산동 청자는 초벌과정 없이 태토에 유약을 바른 후 한 번에 구웠던 제작 공정으로 인하여 태토가 충분히 자화되지 못했으므로 양질의 청자를 제작하기 위하여 가마별로 공정 차이가 있었을 가능성이 높다고 생각된다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of low-grade 12th-century celadons, which were excavated from a kiln site in Noksan-dong, Busan. The physical and chemical properties of the body and the glaze are evaluated through scientific analyses. All the selected celadon shards have a similar body color, regardless of the kiln from which they originated. The celadon shards from 2 3 kilns are brighter than those from 4 5 kilns, and there are two saturations, namely gray and brown. The brightness of the glaze shows a high contribution of red and yellow. The porosity of the selected shards is 8.8% in the gray saturation and 16.1% in the brown saturation. The major chemical compositions of the body and glaze are in the typical chemical composition of the celadon, but the $TiO_2$ flux contents are different. The visible characteristic difference between the 2 3 kilns and the 4 5 kilns can be attributed to the mixing and the firing process rather than the raw materials used. The difference in the $Fe_2O_3$ and $K_2O$ flux between the 2 3 and 4 5 kilns can be attributed to changes in the ingredient combination during the process. In conclusion, Noksan-dong celadon could not be easier vitrification due to the manufacturing process that primary burning process, It is highly likely that there were process differences in kilns to produce high quality celadon.

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