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능산리고분군 동하총 벽화 보존상태 진단

Conservation State of Mural Paintings of Royal Tombs in Neungsan-ri, Korea

  • 이상옥 (한국전통문화대학교 보존과학연구소) ;
  • 배고운 (한국전통문화대학교 보존과학연구소) ;
  • 남궁훈 (한국전통문화대학교 보존과학연구소) ;
  • 남도현 (한국전통문화대학교 보존과학연구소) ;
  • 최윤관 (한국전통문화대학교 보존과학연구소) ;
  • 정광용 (한국전통문화대학교 보존과학연구소)
  • Lee, Sang Ok (Institute of Conservation Science, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Bae, Go Woon (Institute of Conservation Science, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Namgung, Hun (Institute of Conservation Science, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Nam, Do Hyeon (Institute of Conservation Science, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Choi, Yoon Gwan (Institute of Conservation Science, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Chung, Kwang Yong (Institute of Conservation Science, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage)
  • 투고 : 2018.07.23
  • 심사 : 2018.09.05
  • 발행 : 2018.10.20

초록

부여 능산리고분군 동하총 벽화의 보존상태를 진단하고자 2년간 온 습도 모니터링을 실시하여 고분 내부 보존환경 평가 및 벽화의 잔존안료 지도화(Mapping)를 실시하였다. 고분 내부의 온 습도 모니터링 결과로 결로 발생의 특성을 평가하고, 2008년 조사결과와 비교하여 벽화의 상태변화를 진단하였다. 고분 현실의 온도는 국내 지하 5 m 깊이의 연간 평균 지중온도 분포인 $13{\sim}18^{\circ}C$와 근사한 온도분포를 유지하고 있다. 현실 공기의 일교차 범위는 $0.1^{\circ}C$미만, 최대 $0.5^{\circ}C$의 범위로 나타나고 여름철(6월~9월)과 겨울철(12월~1월)의 일교차가 가장 크다. 현실보다 온도가 높은 외기가 유입되는 여름철에는 일교차의 변화로 결로가 집중적으로 발생하는 것으로 판단된다. 동하총 벽화의 잔존안료 성분과 안료입자 분포를 지도화한 결과, 벽체 면적의 36.72~39.53% 범위로 존재하였다. 자외선 형광반응 및 적외선 촬영을 통하여 채색안료 범위가 2008년과 동일하게 나타남을 확인하였다. 따라서 동하총은 여름철에 결로가 발생하는 지하환경이지만 선행조사 이후 벽화가 안정한 상태로 유지되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 그러나 발굴 이후 개방된 환경으로 인해 벽화의 열화가 진행되어 잔존하는 채색안료가 미량이기 때문에 지속적인 모니터링이 필요하다.

This study was conducted to evaluate the conservation environment by monitoring temperature and humidity for two years and mapping the remaining pigments of mural paintings to diagnose the conservation state of mural paintings of Royal Tombs in Neungsan-ri. We evaluated the characteristics of condensation in the tomb. Compared with the results of a 2008 survey, we conducted state change of mural paintings in the tomb. The temperature in the main room, which has an annual average soil temperature distribution at 5 m depth in Korea, is maintained at $13{\sim}18^{\circ}C$. The temperature range of the main room was between less than $0.1^{\circ}C$ to $0.5^{\circ}C$, and the diurnal variation of temperature between summer (June to September) and winter (December to January) is the greatest. Condensation is more concentrated in the summer because the outdoor air was typically at higher temperatures than the main room inflows in the tomb. Mapping the remaining pigment composition and particle distribution of mural paintings showed that it was in the range of 36.72~39.53% of the wall area. The pigment range was confirmed to be the same as it was in 2008, through ultraviolet fluorescence reaction and infrared ray investigation. Therefore, the underground environment that receives dew condensation in the summer has been stable since 2008. However, continuous monitoring is needed because the deterioration of mural painting proceeds considerably after excavation and only a small percentage of the pigments survive.

키워드

참고문헌

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