DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

GM벼에서 non-GM벼로 유전자 이동에 대한 개화기 차이의 영향 분석

Influence of heading date difference on gene flow from GM to non-GM rices

  • 오성덕 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 생명자원부) ;
  • 장안철 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 생명자원부) ;
  • 김보은 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 생명자원부) ;
  • 손수인 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 생명자원부) ;
  • 윤도원 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 생명자원부)
  • Oh, Sung-Dug (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Chang, Ancheol (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Boeun (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Sohn, Soo-In (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Yun, Doh-Won (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
  • 투고 : 2018.11.15
  • 심사 : 2018.12.14
  • 발행 : 2018.12.31

초록

GM작물은 세계적으로 재배면적이 지속적인 증가되고 있으며, 이로 인한 GM작물의 잠재적인 환경위해성에 대한 우려도 증가되고 있다. 현재까지 국내에서 GM작물의 상업적 재배는 되고 있진 않지만 GM작물의 안전성 평가를 위한 기술 개발은 크게 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 국내외적으로 다양한 GM작물의 유전자이동성 평가가 수행되어왔으나 화분 공급원인 GM벼의 개화기 차이에 의한 유전자 이동성 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 벼의 개화기 차이에 따른 비타민A 강화벼(PAC)로부터 모품종인 낙동벼와 중만생종인 일미벼, 조생종인 운광벼, 중생종인 대보벼, 통일형인 세계진미벼로의 화분매개에 의한 유전자 이동성을 평가하였다. 비타민A 강화벼(PAC)의 도입 유전자를 검출하는 PCR 분석을 통해 유전자 이동성 유무를 최종적으로 검증하였다. 총 파종된 종자수에 대한 교잡율은 개화기가 일치하는 낙동벼에서는 0.0007%, 개화기가 차이가 있는 일미벼, 운광벼, 대보벼, 세계진미벼에서는 0%로 나타났으며, 모든 교잡개체들은 비타민A 강화벼(PAC)에 근접한 2m 내에서 발견되었다. 화분 매개에 의한 비타민A 강화벼(PAC)의 유전자 이동 특성은 기존에 연구된 결과들과 비슷한 결과를 보였으며, 벼 재배품종간의 개화기 차이가 화분에 의한 교잡을 결정하는데 중요한 요인으로 작용하였다. 이에 벼 경작지의 기상 조건과 벼 품종간의 개화시기 중복 여부 등이 GM벼에 의한 일반 재배품종 및 잡초성벼로의 유전자 이동 최소화 기술 개발과 안전관리 기준 작성에서 주요 영향 요소들로 고려해야 한다.

Genetically modified (GM) crops have been increased continuously over the world and concerns about the potential risks of GM crops have also been increasing. Even though GM crops have not been cultivated commercially in Korea, it should be necessary to develop the safety assesment technology for GM crops. In this study, we investigated the influence of heading date difference on gene flow from GM to non-GM rice. In the experimental plot design, The PAC GM rice was placed in the center as a pollen donor and non-GM rice were placed in eight directions as pollen receivers. Five pollen receiver rice cultivars were Unkawng, Daebo, Saegyejinmi, Nakdong-byeo, and Ilmi which had different flowering times. A total of 266,436, 300,237, 305,223, 273,373, and 290,759 seeds were collected from Unkawng, Daebo, Saegyejinmi, Nakdong, and Ilmi, respectively, which were planted around PAC GM rice. The GM${\times}$non-GM hybrids were detected by repeated spraying of herbicide and PAT immunostrip assay. Finally, the hybrids were confirmed by PCR analysis using PAC gene specific primer. The hybrids were found in Nakdong-byeo which had the same heading date with PAC GM rice. The hybridization rate was 0.0007% at Nakdong-byeo plot. All of GM${\times}$non-GM hybrids were located within 2 m distance from the PAC GM rice zone. The physiological elements including rice heading date were found to be important factors to determine GM?rice out crossing rate with GM rice. Consideration should be taken into for many factors like the physiological elements of field heading date of rice cultivars to set up the safety management guideline for prevention of GM rice gene flow.

키워드

과제정보

연구 과제 주관 기관 : 국립농업과학원

참고문헌

  1. Al-Ahmad, H., and J. Gressel. 2006. Mitigation using tandem construct containing a selectively unfit gene precludes establishment of Brassica napus transgenes in hybrids and backcrosses with weedy Brassica rapa. Plant Biotech. 4:23-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00153.x
  2. Bae, H.K., M.M. Oo, J.E. Jeon, D.N. Tien, S.A. Oh, S.D. Oh, S.H. Kweon, M.Y. Eun, and S.K. Park. 2013. Evaluation of gene flow from GM to Non-GM rice. Plant Breeding and Biotech. 1:162-170. https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2013.1.2.162
  3. Baek, H.J., S.I. Sohn, M.R. Cho, G.S. Lee, Y.J. Oh, J.S. Park, K.J. Lee, S.D. Oh, S.C. Suh, and T.H. Ryu. 2010. Development of protocol for analyzing pollinator insect-mediated gene transfer from gm crop. Korean J. Intl. Agri. 22:293-297.
  4. Baek, H.J., S.Y. Won, J.K. Kim, S.I. Sohn, K. Lee, M.R. Cho, J.K. Song, M.S. Yoon, J. Lee, Y.M. Jin, and T.H. Ryu. 2008. Study on the gene introgression from GM Chinese cabbage to major crops in Cruciferae. Korean J. Intl. Agri. 20:124-129.
  5. Chen, L.J, D,S. Lee, Z.P. Song, H.S. Suh, and B.R. Lu. 2004. Gene flow from cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) to its weedy and wild relatives. Ann. Bot. 93:67-73. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch006
  6. Conner, A., T. Glare, and J. Nap. 2003. The release of genetically modified crops into the environment - Part II. Overview of ecological risk assessment. Plant J. 33: 19-46. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0960-7412.2002.001607.x
  7. Ellstrand, N., H. Prentice, and J. Hancock. 1999. Gene flow and introgression from domesticated plants into their wild relatives. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 30:539-563. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.30.1.539
  8. Gealy, D.R., D.H. Mitten, and J.N. Rutger. 2003. Gene flow between red rice (Oryza sativa) and herbicide-resistant rice (O. sativa): implications for weed management. Weed Technol. 17:627-645. https://doi.org/10.1614/WT02-100
  9. Jamse C. 2018. Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops: 2017, ISAAA BRIEF No. 53. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY.
  10. KBCH. 2018. Stats of GM crops in Korea. KBCH, Daejeon, Korea.
  11. Kim, C.G., B. Lee, D.I. Kim, J.E. Park, H.J. Kim, K.W. Park, H. Yi, S.C. Jeong, W.K. Yoon, C.H. Harn, and H.M. Kim. 2008. Detection of gene flow from GM to non-GM watermelon in a field trial. J. Plant Bio. 51:74-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03030744
  12. Kim, C.G., D.I. Kim, H.J. Kim, J.Y. Park, B. Lee, K.W. Park, S.C. Jeong, K.H. Cho, J.H. An, K.H. Cho, Y.S. Kim, and H.M. Kim. 2009a. Assessment of gene flow from genetically modified anthracnose-resistant chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to a conventional crop. J. Plant Bio. 52:251-258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12374-009-9025-y
  13. Kim, C.G., K.W. Park, B. Lee, D.I. Kim, J.Y. Park, H.J. Kim, J.E. Park, J.H. An, K.H. Cho, S.C. Jeong, K.H. Choi, J.H. Harn, and H.M. Kim. 2009b. Gene flow from genetically modified to conventional chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Plant Sci. 176:406-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2008.12.012
  14. Kim, K.U., J.H. Lee, I.J. Lee, D.H. Shin, and S.U. Kim. 2004. Hybridization of LM(Living Modified) Rice with Weedy Rices. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 24:51-55.
  15. Kim, Y.J., K.H. Nam, I.S. Pack, J.H. Park, S.C. Jeong, C.H. Harn, and C.G. Kim. 2014. Gene flow from GM cabbage to Non-GM control. CNU J. Agri. Sci. 41:157-161.
  16. Langevin, S.A., K. Clay, and J.B. Grace. 1990. The incidence and effects of hybridization between cultivated rice and its related weed red rice (Oryza sativa L.). Evolution. 44:1000-1008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1990.tb03820.x
  17. Lee, B.C., G. Kim, J.Y. Park, H. Yi, K.W. Park, S.C. Jeong, W.K. Yoon, J.H. An, K.H. Cho, and H.M. Kim. 2007. Survey of herbicide resistant oilseed rapes around the basin of rivers in Incheon harbor area. Korean J. Weed Sci. 27:29-35.
  18. Lee, B., J.H. Kim, S.I. Sohn, S.J. Kweon, Y.S. Chung, and S.M. Lee. 2015. Influence of insect pollinators on gene transfer from GM to non-GM soybeans. Korean Journal of Agri. Sci. 42:159-165.
  19. Lee, B.K., K.W. Park, C.G. Kim, H.G. Kang, H.J. Sun, Y.I. Kown, I.J. Song, T.H. Ryu, and H.Y. Lee. 2014. Environmental monitoring of herbicide tolerant genetically modified zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) around confined field trials. Weed and Turfgrass Sci. 3:305-311. https://doi.org/10.5660/WTS.2014.3.4.305
  20. Lee, B.K., and S.C. Suh. 2011. A study on the trends and biosafety assessment of genetically modified crops. Research of Environ. Law. 33:1-25.
  21. Lee, Y.H., K.S. Kim, Y.S. Jang, H.J. Cho, J.K. Bang, and S.J. Suh. 2009. Pollen-mediated gene flow from glufosinate resistant transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) into its wild relatives. Korean J. Intl. Agri. 21:193-198.
  22. Messeguer, J., C. Fogher, E. Guiderdoni, V. Marfa, M. Catala, G. Baldi, and E. Mele. 2001. Field assessments of gene flow from transgenic to cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) using a herbicide resistance gene as tracer marker. Theor. Appl. Genet. 103:1151-1159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001220100713
  23. Messeguer, J., V. Marfa, M. Catala, E. Guiderdoni, and E. Mele. 2004. A field study of pollen-mediated gene flow from Mediterranean GM rice to conventional rice and the red rice weed. Mole. Breeding 13:103-112. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MOLB.0000012285.39859.9d
  24. OECD. 1999. Consensus document on the biology of Oryza sativa (Rice). Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
  25. Oh, S.D., M.H. Lim, T.H. Ryu, S.I. Shon, S.Y. Park, and K.J. Lee. 2014. Assessment of gene flow in disease resistant (OsCK1) genetically modified rice. Korean J. of Breeding Sci. 46:44-51. https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2014.46.1.044
  26. Oh, S.D., D.W. Yun, S.I. Shon, S.K. Park, and A.C. Chang. 2017. Assessment of gene flow from insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Agb0101) to non-GM rice. Korean J. Breeding Sci. 49:180-189. https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2017.49.3.180
  27. Owen, M.D.K. 2000. Current use of transgenic herbicide-resistant soybean and corn in the USA. Crop Pro. 19:765-771. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00102-2
  28. Raybould, A., and A. Gray. 1993. Genetically-modified crops and hybridization with wild Relatives - a Uk perspective. J. Appl. Ecol. 30:199-219. https://doi.org/10.2307/2404623
  29. Shivrain, V.K., N.R. Burgos, M.A. Sales, A. Mauromoustakos, D.R. Gealy, K.L. Smith, H.L. Black, and M. Jia. 2009. Factors affecting the outcrossing rate between $Clearfield^{TM}$ rice and red rice (Oryza sativa). Weed Sci. 57:394-403. https://doi.org/10.1614/WS-09-003.1
  30. Song, Z.P., B.R. Lu, and J.K. Chen. 2004. Pollen flow of cultivated rice measured under experimental conditions. Biodivers. Conserv. 13:579-590. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOC.0000009491.24573.1d
  31. Warwick, S.I., H.J. Beckie, and L.M. Hall. 2009. Gene flow, invasiveness, and ecological impact of genetically modified crops. The Year in Evolutionary Biology 2009: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1168:72-99.