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폐광산 오염원인 분석 및 오염경로, 향후 지속가능성에 대한 평가

Assessment of the Cause and Pathway of Contamination and Sustainability in an Abandoned Mine

  • 김민규 (한국건설기술연구원 국토보전연구본부) ;
  • 김기준 (주식회사 산하이앤씨) ;
  • 정교철 (안동대학교 지구환경과학과)
  • Kim, Min Gyu (Dept. of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology) ;
  • Kim, Ki-Joon (SanHa Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Jeong, Gyo-Cheol (Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Andong National University)
  • 투고 : 2018.07.03
  • 심사 : 2018.07.13
  • 발행 : 2018.09.30

초록

대영광산(일명 대마광산)은 함금은석영맥을 주 대상으로 채광한 금 은광산으로, 주 광해유발요인은 광물찌꺼기 적치장, 폐석장, 갱구 등 이다. 광물찌꺼기 적치장의 주 오염원소는 As와 Pb이다. 특히 As의 경우 3,424.41~3,803.61 mg/kg로 1지역 대책기준의 45배 이상으로 As에 의한 오염이 매우 심각한 것으로 파악되었다. 오염원소를 보면 오염원인 광물찌꺼기가 고농도의 As를 함유하고 있으며, 오염원의 영향을 받는 주변의 매체에서도 공통적으로 As 오염이 확인되고 있다. 이러한 As 오염은 광물찌꺼기 적치장과의 지형적 상관성이나 이격거리에 따라 오염정도가 달라지는 특성을 나타낸다. 즉 광물찌꺼기 적치장의 상류지역은 하류지역에 비해 오염정도가 낮으며, 광물찌꺼기 적치장의 하류지역에서는 광물찌꺼기 적치장과의 거리가 멀어질수록 오염도가 낮아지는 경향을 보인다. 특히 광물찌꺼기 적치장 주변에서 고농도 오염이 집중적으로 나타나고 있다. 이러한 특성으로 볼 때, 연구지역의 주 오염경로 중의 하나는 광물찌꺼기의 유실로 볼 수 있다. 광물찌꺼기 적치장 하류수계를 따라 As 오염이 확인되었으며, 이러한 현상은 현 하천보다는 구 하천에서 상대적으로 높게 나타나고 있다. 이는 광물찌꺼기 적치장에 대한 유실방지시설을 설치하기 전에 구 하천으로 다량의 광물찌꺼기가 유실되었음을 의미한다. 또한 광물찌꺼기 적치장의 하류수계 농경지에서 하천 범람 시에 영향을 상대적으로 더 받게 되는 하천변 50 m 이내의 농경지 오염도가 50 m 이상의 농경지에 비해 높게 나타났다. 이러한 특성으로 볼 때, 유실된 광물찌꺼기가 하천을 따라 이동하다가 범람에 의해 농경지로 유입되면서 오염이 발생하는 경로도 주 오염경로로 판단된다.

Daeyoung mine (also called "Daema mine") produced gold and silver from mainly gold- and silver-bearing quartz veins. The mine tailings are a waste hazard, but most of the tailings were swept away or dispersed throughout the area around the mine long before the tailing dump areas were transformed into agricultural land. Soil liner and protection facilities, such as retaining walls, were constructed in the mine area to prevent the loss of tailings. The content of the tailings is 3,424.41~3,803.61 mg/kg, which exceeds the safety standard by a factor of 45. In addition, contamination was detected near agricultural areas and in the sediments in downstream drainage channels. A high level of As contamination was concentrated near the waste tailings yard; comparaable levels were detected in agricultural areas close to streams that ran through the waste dump yard, whereas the levels were much lower in areas far from the streams. The contamination in stream sediments showed a gradual decrease with distance from the mine waste yard. Based on these contamination patterns, we concluded that there are two main paths that affect the spread of contaminants: (1) loss of mine waste, and (2) the introduction of mine waste into agricultural areas by floods after transportation by streams. The agricultural areas contaminated by mass inflow of mine waste can act as contamination sources themselves, affecting other agricultural areas through the diffusion of contaminants. At present, although the measured effect in minimal, sediments in streams are contaminated by exposed mine waste and surface liners. It is possible for contaminants to diffuse or spread into nearby areas if heavy elements trapped in soil grains in contaminated agricultural areas leach out as soil solution or contaminant particles during diffusion into the water supply.

키워드

참고문헌

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피인용 문헌

  1. Spatial distributions of metal(loid)s and their transport in agricultural soils around abandoned metal mine sites in South Korea vol.21, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02663-7