Biomaterials Research (생체재료학회지)

Korean Society for Biomaterials (한국생체재료학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Calcium release and physical properties of modified carbonate apatite cement as pulp capping agent in dental application

  • Zakaria, Myrna Nurlatifah (Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Program Study of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani) ;
  • Cahyanto, Arief (Department of Dental Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran) ;
  • El-Ghannam, Ahmed (Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte)
  • Received : 2018.06.22
  • Accepted : 2018.09.27
  • Published : 2018.12.31
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Carbonate apatite ($CO_3Ap$) and silica-calcium phosphate composite (SCPC) are bone substitutes with good prospect for dental application. SCPC creates a hydroxyapatite surface layer and stimulate bone cell function while, $CO_3Ap$ induce apatite crystal formation with good adaptation providing good seal between cement and the bone. Together, these materials will add favorable properties as a pulp capping material to stimulate mineral barrier and maintain pulp vitality. The aim of this study is to investigate modification of $CO_3Ap$ cement combined with SCPC, later term as $CO_3Ap-SCPC$ cement (CAS) in means of its chemical (Calcium release) and physical properties (setting time, DTS and pH value). Methods: The study consist of three groups; group 1 (100% calcium hydroxide, group 2 $CO_3Ap$ (60% DCPA: 40% vaterite, and group 3 CAS (60% DCPA: 20% vaterite: 20% SCPC. Distilled water was employed as a solution for group 1, and $0.2mol/L\;Na_3PO_4$ used for group 2 and group 3. Samples were evaluated with respect to important properties for pulp capping application such as pH, setting time, mechanical strength and calcium release evaluation. Results: The fastest setting time was in $CO_3Ap$ cement group without SCPC, while the addition of 20% SCPC slightly increase the pH value but did not improved the cement mechanical strength, however, the mechanical strength of both $CO_3Ap$ groups were significantly higher than calcium hydroxide. All three groups released calcium ions and had alkaline pH. Highest pH level, as well as calcium released level, was in the control group. Conclusion: The CAS cement had good mechanical and acceptable chemical properties for pulp capping application compared to calcium hydroxide as a gold standard. However, improvements and in vivo studies are to be carried out with the further development of this material.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani

References

  1. Ishikawa K. Bone substitute fabrication based on dissolution-precipitation reactions. Materials. 2010;3:1138-55. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3021138
  2. Cahyanto A, Maruta M, Tsuru K, Matsuya S, Ishikawa K. Fabrication of bone cement that fully transform to carbonate apatite. Dent Mat J. 2015;34(3):394-401. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2014-328
  3. Cahyanto A, Tsuru K, Ishikawa K. Carbonate apatite formation during the setting reaction of apatite cement. Advances in bioceramics and porous ceramics V. Ceram Eng Sci Proc. 2013;33(6):7-10.
  4. Cahyanto A, Tsuru K, Ishikawa K. Transformation of apatite cement to B-type carbonate apatite using different atmosphere. Key Eng Mater. 2016;696:9-13. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.696.9
  5. Cahyanto A, Toita R, Tsuru K, Ishikawa K. Effect of particle size on carbonate apatite cement properties consisting of calcite (or vaterite) and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous. Key Eng Mater. 2014;631:128-33. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.631.128
  6. Al-Sabbagh M, Burt J, Barakat A, Kutkut A, El-Ghannam A. Alveolar ridge preservation using resorbable bioactive ceramic composite: a histological study. J Int Acad Perio. 2013;15(3):91-8.
  7. Aniket YA, Marriott I, El-Ghannam A. Promotion of pro-osteogenic responses by a bioactive ceramic coating. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2012;100A:3314-25. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.34280
  8. El-Ghannam A, Hart A, White D, Cunningham L. Mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of a resorbable bioactive implant prepared by rapid prototyping technique. J Biomed Mater Res Part A. 2013;101A:2851-61.
  9. Ishikawa K, Matsuya S. Bioceramics. In: Milne I, Ritchie RO, Karihaloo B, editors. Comprehensive structural integrity, vol. 9. Oxford: Elsevier; 2003. p. 169-214.
  10. Cahyanto A, Maruta M, Tsuru K, Matsuya S, Ishikawa K. Basic properties of carbonate apatite cement consisting of vaterite and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous. Key Eng Mater. 2013;529-530:192-6.
  11. Leewenburgh S, Layrolle P, Barrere F, de Bruijn J, Schoonman J, van Blitterswijk CA, de Groot K. Osteoclastic resorption of biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res. 2001;56:208-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4636(200108)56:2<208::AID-JBM1085>3.0.CO;2-R
  12. Maeno S, Niki Y, Matsumoto H, Morioka H, Yatabe T, Funayama A, Toyama Y, Taguchi T, Tanaka J. The effect of calcium ion con- centration on osteoblast viability, proliferation and differentiation in monolayer and 3D culture. Biomaterials. 2005;26:4847-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.01.006
  13. Gupta G, Kirakodu S, El-Ghannam A. Effect of exogenous phosphorus and silicon on osteoblast differentiation at the interface with bioactive ceramics. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010;95A:882-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.32915
  14. Gupta G, El-Ghannam A, Kirakodu S, Khraisheh M, Zbib H. Enhancement of osteoblast gene expression by mechanically compatible porous Si-rich nanocomposite. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2007;81:387-96.
  15. Boskey AL, Roy R. Cell culture systems for studies of bone and tooth mineralization. Chem Rev. 2008;108(11):4716-33. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0782473
  16. Fouad AF, Levin L. Pulpal Reactions to Caries and Dental Procedures. In: Hargreaves KM, Cohen S, editors. Cohen's Pathways of The Pulp. 11th ed. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier; 2015. p. 504.
  17. Hilton TJ. Key to success with pulp capping: a review of the literature. Oper Dent. 2009;34(5):615-25. https://doi.org/10.2341/09-132-0
  18. Dhillon H, Kaushik M, Sharma R. Regenerative endodontics-creating new horizons. J Biomed Mater Res Part B. 2016;104B:676-85.
  19. Cox CF, Subay RK, Ostro E, Suzuki SH. Tunnel defects in dentin bridges their formation following direct pulp capping. Oper Dent. 1996;21:4-11.
  20. Gandolfi MG, Siboni F, Botero T, Bossu M, Riccitiello F, Prati C. Calcium silicate and calcium hydroxide materials for pulp capping: biointeractivity, porosity, solubility and bioactivity of current formulations. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater. 2015;13(1):43-60.
  21. Parolia A, Kundabala M, Rao NN, Acharya SR, Agrawal P, Mohan M, Thomas M. A comparative histological analysis of human pulp following direct pulp capping with Propolis, mineral trioxide aggregate and Dycal. Aust Dent J. 2010;55:59-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2009.01179.x
  22. Zakaria MN, Cahyanto A, El-Ghannam A. Basic properties of novel bioactive cement based on silica-calcium phosphate composite and carbonate apatite. Key Eng Mater. 2017;720:147-52.
  23. Zakaria MN, Pauziah NFN, Sabirin IP, Cahyanto A. Evaluation of carbonate apatite in inducing formation of reparative dentin in exposed dental pulp. Key Eng Mater. 2017;758:250-4. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.758.250
  24. Cahyanto A, Rezano A, Zakaria MN, El-Ghannam A. Synthesis and characterization of a novel $SCPC-CO_{3}AP$ cement for pulp capping application in dentistry. Key Eng Mater. 2017;758:29-33. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.758.29
  25. Maeda H, Maquet V, Chen QZ, Kasuga T, Jawad H, Boccaccini AR. Bioactive coatings by vaterite deposition on polymer substrates of different composition and morphology. Mat Sci Eng C. 2007;27:741-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2006.07.021
  26. Zakaria MN. Save the pulp is the essential issues on pulp capping treatment. J Dentomaxillofac Sci. 2016;1(2):301-5.
  27. Poggio C, Lombardini M, Colombo M, Beltrami R, Rindi S. Solubility and pH of direct pulp capping materials: a comparative study. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater. 2015;13(2):181-5.
  28. Liu L, Pushalkar S, Saxena D, LeGeros RZ, Zhang Y. Antibacterial property expressed by a novel calcium phosphate glass. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2014;102(3):423-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.33019
  29. Goldberg M, Smith AJ. Cells and extracellular matrices of dentin and pulp: a biological basis for repair and tissue engineering. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2004;15(1):13-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/154411130401500103
  30. Estrela C, Holland R. Calcium hydroxide: study based on scientific evidences. J Appl Oral Sci. 2003;11(4):269-82. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-77572003000400002

Cited by

  1. Matrix levels of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and toxicity evaluation of carbonate apatite-based endodontic sealer in rat subcutaneous implantation vol.6, pp.7, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04330