DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Strengthening of concrete structures with buckling braces and buckling restrained braces

  • Mazloom, Moosa (Department of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University) ;
  • Pourhaji, Pardis (Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Farash, Abbas Moosa (Department of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University) ;
  • Sanati, Amir Hossein (Department of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University)
  • 투고 : 2018.06.03
  • 심사 : 2018.08.28
  • 발행 : 2018.09.25

초록

The purpose of this article is to strengthen concrete structures using buckling and non-buckling braces. Connection plates are modeled in three shapes including the effect of 1.5t hinge zone length, 2t one and without the zone (1.5t-CP, 2t-CP and WCP). According to the verification performed with ABAQUS software, the connection plates which are superior in ductility and strengthening are found. The results show adding steel braces in concrete moment frames increase the strength and stiffness of the structures up to about 12 and 3 times, respectively. The frame strength increased about 21 and 25 percent with considering the effect of 2t hinge length in connection plates compared to 1.5t-CPs and WCPs. Also the ductility of retrofitted frames with 2t-CP improved 2.06 times more than WCP ones. Thus, 2t-CP sample is the best choice for connecting steel braces to concrete moment frames for retrofitting them. Afterwards, optimum conditions for elemental coating in braces with no buckling are assessed. The length of concrete coatings could be reduced about 30 percent, and buckling did not occur. Therefore, the weight of restraining coating decreased, and its performance improved. It is worth noting that BRBs could be constructed with only steel materials, which have outer steel tubes too. In fact, only the square cross sections of the tube profiles are appropriate for removing the filler concrete, and the rectangular ones are prone to buckle around their weak axis.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. AISC-341 (2005), Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings including Supplement, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, USA.
  2. Astaneh-Asl, A., Cochran, M. and Sabelli, R. (2006), "Seismic detailing of gusset plates for special concentrically braced frames", Structural Steel Educational Council, Berkeley, California, USA.
  3. Aydin, E., Sonmez, M. and Karabork, T. (2015), "Optimal placement of elastic steel diagonal braces using artificial bee colony algorithm", Steel Compos. Struct., 19(2), 349-368. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.19.2.349
  4. Badoux, M. and Jirsa, J.O. (1990), "Steel bracing of RC frames for seismic retrofitting", J. Structu. Eng.-ASCE, 116 (1), 55-74. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:1(55)
  5. Bin, W. and Yang, M. (2015), "Buckling mechanism of steel core of buckling-restrained braces", J. Constr. Steel Res., 107, 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.01.012
  6. Black, C.J., Markis, N. and Aiken, I. (2004), "Component testing, seismic evaluation and characterization of buckling-restrained braces", J. Struct. Eng., 130(6), 880-894. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:6(880)
  7. Bush, T.D., Jones, E.A. and Jirsa, J.O. (1991)," Behavior of RC frame strengthened using structural-steel bracing", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 117(4), 1115-1126. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:4(1115)
  8. Chou, C.H. and Chen, S.H. (2010), "Subassemblage tests and finite element analyses of sandwiched buckling restrained braces", J. Constr. Steel Res., 8(32), 2108-2121.
  9. Del Valle Calderon, E., Foutch, A., Hjelmstad, K., Figueroa-Gutierrez E. and Tena-Colunga A. (1988), "Seismic Retrofit of a RC building: A Case Study", Proceedings of the 9th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Japan, August.
  10. Elfath, A. and Ghobarah, A. (2000), "Behaviour of reinforced concrete frames rehabilitated with concentric steel bracing", Can. J. Civil Eng., 27(3), 433-444. https://doi.org/10.1139/l99-092
  11. Elfath, A. and Ghobarah, A. (2001), "Rehabilitation of a reinforced concrete frames using eccentric steel bracing", Eng. Struct., 23, 745-755. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(00)00100-0
  12. FEMA 273 (1997), NEHRP guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Building Seismic Safety Council, Washington D.C., USA.
  13. FEMA 274 (1997), NEHRP guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Building Seismic Safety Council, Washington D.C., USA.
  14. Ghaffarzadeh, H. and Maheri, M.R. (2006), "Mechanical compression release device in steel bracing system for retrofitting RC frames", Earthq. Eng. Eng.Vib., 5(1), 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-006-0626-x
  15. Gholipour, M. and Mazloom, M. (2018), "Seismic response analysis of mega-scale buckling-restrained bracing systems in tall buildings", Adv. Comput. Des., 3(1), 17-34. https://doi.org/10.12989/ACD.2018.3.1.017
  16. Goel, S.C. and Lee, H.S. (1992), "Seismic strengthening of structures by ductile steel bracing system", Proceedings of the 4thU.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Canada, May.
  17. Guerrero, H., Escobar, J.A. and Gilmore, A. (2018), "Experimental damping on frame structures equipped with buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) working within their linear-elastic response", Soil Dynam. Earthq. Eng., 106, 196-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.12.028
  18. He, A., Cai, J., Chen, QJ., Liu, X., Xue, H. and Yu, C. (2017), "Axial compressive behaviour of steel-jacket retrofitted RC columns with recycled aggregate concrete", J. Constr. Build. Mater., 141, 501-516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.013
  19. Hoveidae, N. and Rafezy, B. (2012), "Overall buckling behavior of all steel buckling restrained braces", J. Constr. Steel Res., 79, 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2012.07.022
  20. Maheri, M.R. and Akbari, R. (2003), "Seismic behaviour factor, R, for steel X-braced and knee-braced RC buildings", Eng. Struct., 25(12), 1505-1513. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(03)00117-2
  21. Maheri, M.R. and Ghaffarzadeh, H. (2008), "Connection over strength in steel-braced RC frames", Eng. Struct., 30(12), 1938-1948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.12.016
  22. Maheri, M.R. and Sahebi, A. (1997), "Use of steel bracing in reinforced concrete frames", Eng. Struct., 19(12), 1018-1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(97)00041-2
  23. Maheri, M.R., Kousari, R. and Razazan, M. (2003), "Pushover tests on steel X-braced and knee-braced RC frames", Eng. Struct., 25(13), 1697-1705. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(03)00150-0
  24. Maheri, M.R. and Memarzadeh, P. (2001), "Nonlinear analysis of steel braced concrete frames", Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Concrete & Development (1ICCD), Tehran, April.
  25. Massumin, A. and Absalan, M. (2013), "Interaction between bracing system and moment resisting frame in braced RC frames", Arch. Civil Mecha. Eng., 13, 260-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2013.01.004
  26. Mazloom, M. (2010), "Effect of shear wall cracking on soft story phenomenon", Int. J. Civil Eng., 8(3), 276-285.
  27. Mazloom, M. and Salehi, V. (2017), "Studying the behavior of central gusset plate connections on inverted V-braces", J. Civil Environ. Eng., 46(2).
  28. Mirtaheri, M., Sehat, S. and Nazeryan, M. (2018), "Improving the behavior of buckling restrained braces through obtaining optimum steel core length", Struct. Eng. Mech., 65 (4), 401-408. https://doi.org/10.12989/SEM.2018.65.4.401
  29. Mohammadi, H., Toufigh V., Golafshani, A. and Arzeytoon, A. (2018), "Performance-based assessment of an innovative braced tube system for tall building", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 16(2), 731-752. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0219-2
  30. Ozel, A.E and Guneyisi, E.M. (2011), "Effects of eccentric steel bracing systems on seismic fragility curves of mid-rise R/C buildings: a case study", Struct.Saf., 33(1), 82-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2010.09.001
  31. Piedrafita, D., Cahis, X., Simon, E. and Comas, J. (2015), "A new perforated core buckling restrained brace", Eng. Struct., 85, 118-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.12.020
  32. Qin, X., Zhen, Z., Huang, J. and Shao-Ping, M. (2016), "Influence of tube length tolerance on seismic responses of multi-story buildings with dual-tube self-centering buckling restrained braces", Eng. Struct., 116, 26-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.02.023
  33. Quan, G., Alessandro, Z., Peng, Y. and Andrea, D. (2014), "Effect of buckling-restrained brace model parameters on seismic structural response", J. Constr. Steel Res., 98, 100-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.02.009
  34. Rahai, A. and Lashgari, M. (2006), "Seismic strengthening of nine-story RC building using concentric and buckling-restrained bracing", Proceedings of the 31st Conference on Our World in Concrete & Structures, Singapore, August.
  35. Sekiguchi, I. (1988), "Seismic Strengthening of an Existing Steel Reinforced Concrete City Office Building in Shizuoka", Japan. Proceedings of the 9th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Japan, Agusut.
  36. Shin, J., Scott, D., Stewart, L., Yang, C., Wright. T. and DesRoches. R. (2016), "Dynamic response of a full-scale reinforced concrete building frame retrofitted with FRP column jackets", Eng. Struct., 125, 244-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.07.016
  37. Tagawa, Y., Aoki, H., Huang, T. and Masuda, H. (1992), "Experimental study of new seismic strengthening method for existing RC structure", Proceedings of the 10th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Rotterdam.
  38. Takeuchi, T., Hajjar, J., Matsui, R., Nishimoto, K. and Aiken, I. (2012), "Effect of local buckling core plate restraint in buckling restrained braces", Eng. Struct., 44, 304-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.05.026
  39. Takeuchi, T., Hajjar, J., Matsui, R., Nishimoto, K. and Aiken, ID. (2010), "Local buckling restraint condition for core plates in buckling restrained braces", J. Constr. Steel Res., 66, 139-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2009.09.002
  40. Truong, G.T., Kim, J.C. and Choi, K.K. (2017), "Seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns retrofitted by various methods", Eng. Struct., 134, 217-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.12.046
  41. Uang, C.M., Nakashima, M. and Tsai, K. (2004), "Research and application of buckling-restrained braced frames", Int. J. Steel Struct., 4, 301-313.
  42. Viswanath, K.G., Prakash, K.B. and Anant, D. (2010), "Seismic analysis of steel braced reinforced concrete frames", Int. J. Civil Struct. Eng., 1(1), 114-122.
  43. Watanabe, A., Hitomi, Y., Yaeki, E., Wada, A. and Fujimoto, M. (1988), "Properties of brace encased in buckling-restraining concrete and steel tube", Proceedings of the 9th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Japan, August.
  44. Xie, Q. (2005), "State of the art of buckling-restrained braces in Asia", J. Constr. Steel Res., 61, 727-748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.11.005
  45. Yazdi, H.M., Mosalman, M. and Soltani, A.M. (2018), "Seismic study of buckling restrained brace system without concrete infill", Int. J. Steel Struct., 18(1), 153-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-018-0312-7
  46. Youssef, M.A., Ghaffarzadeh, H. and Nehdi, M. (2007), "Seismic performance of RC frames with concentric internal steel bracing", Eng. Struct., 29, 1561-1568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.08.027
  47. Zhang, G., Chen, P., Zhao, Z. and Wu, J. (2018), "Experimental study on seismic performance of rocking buckling-restrained brace steel frame with liftable column base", J. Constr. Steel Res., 143, 291-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.01.002
  48. Ziqin, J., Yanlin, G., Bohao, Z. and Xuqiao, Z. (2015), "Influence of design parameters of buckling-restrained brace on its performance", J. Constr. Steel Res., 105, 139-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.10.024

피인용 문헌

  1. Evaluating inelastic performance of mega-scale bracing systems in low- and medium-rise structures vol.20, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-018-00112-y