Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
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Trend Analysis of Lunar Exploration Missions for Lunar Base Construction

달 기지 건설을 대비한 국내외 달 탐사 동향 분석

  • Hong, Sungchul (Department of Future Technology and Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology) ;
  • Shin, Hyu-Soung (Department of Future Technology and Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology)
  • 홍성철 (한국건설기술연구원 미래융합연구본부) ;
  • 신휴성 (한국건설기술연구원 미래융합연구본부)
  • Received : 2018.04.18
  • Accepted : 2018.07.06
  • Published : 2018.07.31
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Abstract

Lunar exploration, which was led by the United States and the former Soviet Union, ceased in the 1970s. On the other hand, since massive lunar ice deposits and rare resources were found in 1990s, European Union, China, Japan, and India began to participate in lunar exploration to secure future lunar resource as well as to construct a lunar base. In the near future, it is expected that national space agencies and private industries will participate in the lunar exploration together. Their missions will include the exploration and sample return of lunar resources. Lunar resources have a close relationship with the lunar in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). To construct a lunar base, it is inevitable to bring huge amounts of resources from Earth. Water and oxygen, however, will need to be produced from local lunar resources and lunar terrain feature will need to be used to construct the lunar base. Therefore, in this paper, the global trends on lunar exploration and lunar construction technology are investigated and compared along with the ISRU technology to support human exploration and construct a lunar base on the Moon's surface.

미국과 구소련을 중심으로 진행되었던 달 탐사는 1970년대에 중단되었다. 하지만 1990년대 달에 얼음 형태의 물과 희귀자원이 대량 발견되면서 유럽연합, 중국, 일본, 인도 등으로 대표되는 우주신흥강국 들도 달 자원 확보와 기지 건설을 목적으로 달 탐사 경쟁에 합류하고 있다. 향후 달 탐사 사업은 국제 협력을 기반으로 전 세계 주요 우주국과 우주 민간 기업이 함께 참여할 것으로 전망된다. 또한 달 궤도선 중심의 탐사에서 벗어나 달 착륙선 및 로버 중심의 무인 탐사가 전개되어 자원 탐사, 토양 표본 채취 및 귀환 등의 임무를 수행할 것으로 예상된다. 달 탐사를 통해 발견된 자원은 향후 유인 달 기지 건설과 밀접한 연관성이 있다. 달 표면에서의 건설을 위해서는 막대한 양의 자원을 지구로부터 수송해야하므로, 달 현지 자원을 이용하여 물, 산소를 생산하고 현지 지형을 이용하여 기지를 건설하는 기술이 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 현재 진행 중인 전 세계 달 탐사 동향 및 전망과 함께, 달 표면에서의 유인 달 기지 건설 방안과 국가별 달 건설 기술 개발 현황에 대해 조사 및 비교 분석하였다.

Keywords

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