Journal of Energy Engineering (에너지공학)

The Korean Society for Energy (한국에너지학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Ion Exchange Processes: A Potential Approach for the Removal of Natural Organic Matter from Water

  • Khan, Mohd Danish (University of Science and Technology, Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)) ;
  • Ahn, Ji Whan (Carbon Mineralization Flagship Center, Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (KIGAM))
  • Received : 2018.05.21
  • Accepted : 2018.06.11
  • Published : 2018.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Natural organic matter (NOM) is among the most common pollutant in underground and surface waters. It comprises of humic substances which contains anionic macromolecules such as aliphatic and aromatic compounds of a wide range of molecular weights along with carboxylic, phenolic functional groups. Although the concentration of NOM in potable water usually lies in the range of 1-10 ppm. Conventional treatment technologies are facing challenge in removing NOM effectively. The main issues are concentrated to low efficiency, membrane fouling, and harmful by-product formation. Ion-exchangers can be considered as an efficient and economic pretreatment technology for the removal of NOM. It not only consumes less time for pretreatment but also resist formation of trihalomethanes (THMs), an unwanted harmful by-product. This article provides a comprehensive review of ion exchange processes for the removal of NOM.

Keywords

References

  1. Her, N., Amy, G., Plottu-Pecheux, A., Yoon, Y., 2007. Identification of nanofiltration membrane foulants. Water Research. vol. 41, pp. 3936-3947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.05.015
  2. Drewes, J.E., Summers, R.S., 2003. Natural organic matter removal during riverbank filtration: current knowledge and research needs. In: Ray, C., Melin, G., Linsky, R.B. (Eds.), Riverbank Filtration: Improving Source-water Quality, Springer. pp. 303-309.
  3. Vanboon, G.W. and Duffy, S.J., 2005. Environmental chemistry: a global perspective. Second Edition. Oxford University Press. pp. 8-15.
  4. Broggs, JR. S., Livermore, D.G., Seitz, M.G., 2007. Humic macromolecules in natural waters. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C. vol. 25, pp. 599-657.
  5. Bolto, B., Dixon, D., Eldridge, R., 2004. Ion exchange for the removal of natural organic matter. Reactive and Functional Polymers. Vol. 60, pp. 171-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2004.02.021
  6. Yang, X., Guo, W., Lee, W., 2013. Formation of disinfection byproducts upon chlorine dioxide peroxidation followed by chlorination or chloramination of natural organic matter. Chemosphere. vol. 91, pp. 1477-1485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.014
  7. Krasner, S.W., Weinberg, H.S., Richardson, S.D., Pastor, S.J., Chinn, R., Sclimenti, M.J., Onstad, G.D., Thruston, A.D., 2006. Occurrence of a new generation of disinfection byproducts. Environmental Science and Technology. vol. 40, pp. 7175-7185. https://doi.org/10.1021/es060353j
  8. Pan, Y., Wang, Y., Li, A., Xu, B., Xian, Q., Shuang, Ch, Shi, P., Zhou, Q., 2017. Detection, formation and occurrence of 13 new polar phenolic chlorinated and brominated disinfection byproducts in drinking water. Water Research. vol. 112. pp. 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.037
  9. Wang, X., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Shi, Q., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., Yang, M., 2016. Characterization of unknown iodinated disinfection byproducts during chlorination/chloramination using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Science of The Total Environment. vol. 554-555, pp. 83-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.157
  10. Kanokkantapong, V., Marhaba, T.F., Pavasant, P., 2006. Characterization of haloacetic acid precursors in source water. Journal of Environmental Management. vol. 80, pp. 214-221.
  11. Huang, H.J. and Yeh, H.H., (1993). Proceedings of the water technology conference. American Water Works Association, Denevr. Part I. pp. 257.
  12. Gibert, O., Lefevre, B., Fernandez, M., Bernat, X., Paraira, M., Calderer, M., Martinez-Llado, X., 2013a.Characterizing biofilm development on granular activated carbon used for drinking water production. Water Research. vol. 47, pp. 1101-1110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.026
  13. Gibert, O., Lefevre, B., Fernandez, M., Bernat, X., Paraira, M., Pons, M., 2013b. Fractionation and removal of dissolved organic carbon in a full scale granular activated carbon filter used for drinking water production. Water Research. vol, 47, 2821-2829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.028
  14. Kim, H. and Dempsey, B.A., 2013. Membrane fouling due to alginate, SMP, EfOM, humic acid and NOM. Journal of Membrane Science. vol. 428, pp. 190-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2012.11.004
  15. Teixeira, M.R. and Sousa, V.S., 2013. Fouling of nanofiltration membrane: effects of NOM molecular weight and microcystins. Desalination. vol. 315, pp. 149-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.03.012
  16. Leenheer, J.A. and Croue, J., 2003. Characterizing aquatic dissolved organic matter. Environmental Science and Technology. vol. 37, pp. 18A-26A. https://doi.org/10.1021/es032333c
  17. Zheng, Q., Yang, X., Deng, W., Le, X.C., Li, X.-F., 2016. Characterization of natural organic matter in water for optimizing water treatment and minimizing disinfection by-product formation. Journal of Environmental Sciences. vol. 42, pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2016.03.005
  18. Pan, Y., Li, H., Zhang, Xi, Li, A., 2016. Characterization of natural organic matter in drinking water: sample preparation and analytical approaches. Trends in Environmental Analysis-Analytical Chemistry. vol. 12, pp. 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teac.2016.11.002
  19. Matilainen, A., Vepsalainen, M., Sillanpaa, M., 2010. Natural organic matter removal by coagulation during drinking water treatment: a review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. vol. 159, pp. 189-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2010.06.007
  20. Sillanpaa, M. and Bhatnagar, A., 2015. Chapter 7-NOM removal by adsorption. In: Sillanpaa, M. (Ed.), Natural Organic Matter in Water. Butterworth-Heinemann, pp. 213-238.
  21. Sillanpaa, M., Metsamuuronen, S., Manttari, M., 2015. Chapter 5-membranes. In: Sillanpaa, M. (Ed.), Natural Organic Matter in Water. Butterworth-Heinemann, pp. 113-157.
  22. Cornelissen, E.R., Beerendonk, E.F., Nederlof, M.N., van der Hoek, J.P., Wessels, L.P., 2009. Fluidized ion exchange (FIX) to control NOM fouling in ultrafiltration. Desalination. vol. 236, pp. 334-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.10.084
  23. Erik Koreman, G.G., 2016. NOM-removal at AWTP Andijk (Netherlands) with a new anion exchange process, called SIX. pp. 50.1-50.13.
  24. Apell, J.N. and Boyer, T.H., 2010. Combined ion exchange treatment for removal of dissolved organic matter and hardness. Water Research. vol. 44, pp. 2419-2430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.01.004
  25. Levchuk, I., Marquez, J.J.R., Sillanpaa, M., 2018. Removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from water by ion exchange- A review. Chemosphere. vol. 192, pp. 90-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.101
  26. Harland, C.E., 1994. Ion Exchange. Theory and Practice. Second Ed. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Bath. United Kingdom.
  27. Wachinski, A.M. and Etzel, J.E., 1997. Environmental Ion Exchange: Principles and Design. Lewis Publishers. USA.
  28. Helfferich, F., 1995. Ion Exchange. Dover Publications, Inc., USA.
  29. Wesley, W. and Eckenfelder, J., 2000. Industrial water pollution control, 3 Ed. McGraw-Hill series in water resources and environmental engineering.
  30. Cornelissen, E.R., Chasserlaud, D., Slegers, W.G., Beerendonk, E.F., Kooij, V., 2010. Effect of anionic fluidized ion exchange (FIX) pre-treatment on nanofiltration (NF) membrane fouling. Water Research. vol. 44, pp. 3283-3293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.03.007
  31. Kaewsuk, J. and Seo, G.T., 2011. Verification of NOM removal in MIEX-NF system for advanced water treatment. Seperation and Purification Technology. vol. 80, pp. 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2011.04.001
  32. Cornelissen. E.R., Moreau, N., Siegers, W.G., Abrahamse, A.J., Rietveld, L.C., Grefte, A., Dignum, M., Amy, G., Wessels, L.P., 2008. Selection of anionic exchange resins for removal of natural organic matter (NOM) fractions. Water Research. vol. 42, pp. 413-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.033
  33. Boyer, T.H. and Singer, P.C., 2006. A pilot-scale evaluation of magnetic ion exchange treatment fot removal of natural organic material and inorganic ions. Water Research. vol. 40, pp. 2865-2876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.05.022
  34. Drikas, M., Dixon, M., Morran, J., 2011. Long term case study of MIEX pre-treatment in drinking water; understanding NOM removal. Water Research. vol. 45, pp. 1539-1548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.11.024
  35. Singer, P.C. and Bilyk, K., 2002. Enhanced coagulation using a magnetic ion exchange resin. Water Research. vol. 36, pp. 4009-4022. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00115-X
  36. Kitis, M., Ilker Harman, B., Yigit, N.O., Beyhan, M., Nguyen, H., Adams, B., 2007. The removal of natural organic matter from selected Turkish source waters using magnetic ion exchange resins (MIEX(R)). Reactive and Functional Polymers. vol. 67, pp. 1495-1504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2007.07.037
  37. Ates, N. and Incetan, F.B., 2013. Competition impact of sulfate on NOM removal by anionexchange resins in high-sulfate and low-SUVA waters. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. vol. 52, pp. 14261-14269. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie401814v
  38. Walker, K.M. and Boyer, T.H., 2011. Long-term performance of bicarbonate-form anion exchange: removal of dissolved organic matter and bromide from the St. Johns River, FL, USA. Water Research. vol. 45, pp. 2875-2886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.03.004
  39. Humbert, H., Gallard, H., Suty, H., Croue, J., 2005. Performance of selected anion exchange resins for the treatment of a high DOC content surface water. Water Research. vol. 39, pp. 1699-1708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.02.008
  40. Karpinska, A.M., Boaventura, R.A., Vilar, V.J., Bilyk, A., Molczan, M., 2013. Applicability of MIEX(R) DOC process for organics removal from NOM laden water. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. vol. 20, pp. 3890-3899. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1334-x
  41. Drikas, M., Chow, C.W.K., Cook, D., 2003. The impact of recalcitrant organic character on disinfection stability, trihalomethane formation and bacterial regrowth: an evaluation of magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX(R)) and alum coagulation. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-AQUA. vol. 52, pp. 475-487. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2003.0043
  42. Galjaard, G., 2010. SIX: A new resin treatment technology for drinking water. Water Practice and Technology. vol. 4, pp. 1-31.
  43. Bazri, M.M., Mohseni, M., Impact of natural organic matter properties on the kinetics of suspended ion exchange process. Water Research. vol. 91, pp. 147-155.
  44. Metcalfe, D., Rockey, C., Jefferson, B., Judd, S., Jarvis, Peter., 2015. Removal of disinfection by-product precursors by coagulation and an innovatve suspended ion exchange process. Water Research. vol. 87, pp. 20-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.09.003
  45. Kingsbury, R.S. and Singer, P.C., 2013. Effect of magnetic ion exchange and ozonation on disinfection by-product formation. Water Research. vol. 47, pp. 1060-1072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.015
  46. Mergen, M.R.D., Jefferson, B., Parsons, S.A., Jarvis, P., 2008. Magnetic ion-exchange resin treatment: impact of water type and resin use. Water Research. vol. 42, pp. 1977-1988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.11.032
  47. Comstock, S.E.H. and Boyer, T.H., 2014. Combined magnetic ion exchange and cation exchange for removal of DOC and hardness. Chemical Engineering Journal. vol. 241, pp. 366-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.10.073
  48. Rokicki, C.A. and Boyer, T.H., 2011. Bicarbonate-form anion exchange: Affinity, regeneration, and stoichiometry. Water Research. vol. 45, pp. 1329-1337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.10.018
  49. Johnson, B.R., Eldred, T.B., Nguyen, A.T., Payne, W.M., Schmidt, E.E., Alansari, A.Y., Amburgey, J.E., Poler, J.C., 2016. High-capacity and rapid reoval of refractory NOM using nanoscale anion exchange resin. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. vol. 8, pp. 18540-18549. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b04368