Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management

Korea Data Strategy Society (한국데이터전략학회)
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Higher-Order Goals, Trust-in-Leader, and Self-Efficacy as Mediators of Transformational Leadership Performance: The Case of Multi-level Marketing Organizations in China

  • Shu-Chuen, Anthony Tsui (Academy of Continuing Education at United International College) ;
  • Lee, Bernard (Department of Business Administration, Hong Kong Shue Yan University)
  • Received : 2018.10.25
  • Accepted : 2018.12.10
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

Although former scholarly studies mostly focus on exploring leadership effectiveness under the traditional hierarchical leader-subordinate relationship, the research of leadership performance for non-hierarchical organizational structures, particularly the mediating factors of higher-order goals, trust-in-leader, and self-efficacy have been ignored. This study, therefore, makes an attempt to ascertain the impacts of transformational leadership on the performance of subordinates through the mediating effects of higher-order goals, trust-in-leader, and self-efficacy and the differences of these effects in the context of multi-level marketing (MLM). Like the small-sample studies adopted by Barling, Weber, and Kelloway [1996], Barling, Slater, and Kelloway [2000] and Bass, Avolio, Jung, and Berson [2003], this study adopts a sample of 123 MLM distributors of an MLM company in Hong Kong, with a high response rate of 80.4%. The results indicate that the mediating effect of self-efficacy between transformational leadership and performance is significant under non-hierarchical organizational structures such as MLM in China.

Keywords

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Inner (Structural) Model of Mediating Effects between Transformational Leadership and Performance

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Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Performance

Profile of Respondents

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Discriminant Validity for Transformational Leadership Fornell-Larcker Criterion

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Discriminant Validity for Transformational Leadership Cross-Loadings

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Loadings, Reliabilities, and R of the Dimensions of Transformational Leadership

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Loadings and R2 of Self-efficacy, Higher-Order Goal, and Trust-in-Leader

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Correlations and Descriptive Statistics

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PLS-SEM Predicting the Level of Performance in terms of Commission

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Testing of Hypotheses

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