DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparative study on the morphological properties of graphene nanoplatelets prepared by an oxidative and non-oxidative route

  • An, Jung-Chul (Energy Materials Research Group, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST)) ;
  • Lee, Eun Jung (Energy Materials Research Group, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST)) ;
  • Yoon, So-Young (Energy Materials Research Group, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST)) ;
  • Lee, Seong-Young (Materials Solution Research Group, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST)) ;
  • Kim, Yong-Jung (Energy Materials Research Group, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST))
  • Received : 2017.10.25
  • Accepted : 2017.12.19
  • Published : 2018.04.30

Abstract

Morphological differences in multi-layered graphene flakes or graphene nanoplatelets prepared by oxidative (rGO-NP, reduced graphene oxide-nanoplatelets) and non-oxidative (GIC-NP, graphite intercalation compound-nanoplatelets) routes were investigated with various analytical methods. Both types of NPs have similar specific surface areas but very different structural differences. Therefore, this study proposes an effective and simple method to identify structural differences in graphene-like allotropes. The adsorptive potential peaks of rGO-NP attained by the density functional theory method were found to be more scattered over the basal and non-basal regions than those of GIC-NP. Raman spectra and high resolution TEM images showed more distinctive crystallographic defects in the rGO-NP than in the GIC-NP. Because the R-ratio values of the edge and basal plane of the sample were maintained and relatively similar in the rGO-NP (0.944 for edge & 1.026 for basal), the discrepancy between those values in the GIC-NP were found to be much greater (0.918 for edge & 0.164 for basal). The electrical conductivity results showed a remarkable gap between the rGO-NP and GIC-NP attributed to their inherent morphological and crystallographic properties.

Keywords

References

  1. Zhu L, Zhao X, Li Y, Yu X, Li C, Zhang Q. High-quality production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of expanded graphite. Mater Chem Phys, 137, 984 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.11.012.
  2. Knieke C, Berger A, Voigt M, Taylor RNK, Röhrl J, Peukert W. Scalable production of graphene sheets by mechanical delamination. Carbon, 48, 3196 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.05.003.
  3. Sim HS, Kim TA, Lee KH, Park M. Preparation of graphene nanosheets through repeated supercritical carbon dioxide process. Mater Lett, 89, 343 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2012.08.104.
  4. Park S, Ruoff RS. Synthesis and characterization of chemically modified graphenes. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci, 20, 322 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2015.10.006.
  5. Agharkar M, Kochrekar S, Hidouri S, Azeez MA. Trends in green reduction of graphene oxides, issues and challenges: a review. Mater Res Bull, 59, 323 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2014.07.051.
  6. Krishna R, Fernandes DM, Venkataramana E, Dias C, Ventura J, Freire C, Titus E. Improved reduction of graphene oxide. Mater Today Proc, 2, 423 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2015.04.049.
  7. Gao W, Alemany LB, Ci L, Ajayan PM. New insights into the structure and reduction of graphite oxide. Nat Chem, 1, 403 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.281.
  8. Park S, An J, Potts JR, Velamakanni A, Murali S, Ruoff RS. Hydrazine-reduction of graphite-and graphene oxide. Carbon, 49, 3019 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.02.071.
  9. Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Dommett GHB, Kohlhaas KM, Zimney EJ, Stach EA, Piner RD, Nguyen ST, Ruoff RS. Graphenebased composite materials. Nature, 442, 282 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04969.
  10. Kalaitzidou K, Fukushima H, Drzal LT. Multifunctional polypropylene composites produced by incorporation of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets. Carbon, 45, 1446 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2007.03.029.
  11. An JC, Kim HJ, Hong I. Preparation of Kish graphite-based graphene nanoplatelets by GIC (graphite intercalation compound) via process. J Ind Eng Chem, 26, 55 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.12.016.
  12. An JC, Lee EJ, Kim BJ, Kim HJ, Kim YJ, Shim J, Hong I. Characterization of graphene nanoplatelets prepared from polyimide-derived graphite. Mater Lett, 161, 321 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.08.120.
  13. An JC, Lee EJ, Hong I. Preparation of the spheroidized graphitederived multi-layered graphene via GIC (graphite intercalation compound) method. J Ind Eng Chem, 47, 56 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2016.12.017.
  14. Park S, Ruoff RS. Chemical methods for the production of graphenes. Nat Nanotechnology, 4, 217 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.58.
  15. Olivier JP, Winter M. Determination of the absolute and relative extents of basal plane surface area and "non-basal plane surface" area of graphites and their impact on anode performance in lithium ion batteries. J Power Sources, 97-98, 151 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(01)00527-4.
  16. Placke T, Siozios V, Schmitz R, Lux SF, Bieker P, Colle C, Meyer HW, Passerini S, Winter M. Influence of graphite surface modifications on the ratio of basal plane to “non-basal plane” surface area and on the anode performance in lithium ion batteries. J Power Sources, 200, 83 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.10.085.
  17. Foss CEL, Svensson AM, Sunde S, Vullum-Bruer F. Edge/basal/defect ratios in graphite and their influence on the thermal stability of lithium ion batteries. J Power Sources, 317, 177 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.03.079.
  18. De Volder MFL, Tawfick SH, Baughman RH, Hart AJ. Carbon nanotubes: present and future commercial applications. Science, 339, 535 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1222453.
  19. Allen MJ, Tung VC, Kaner RB. Honeycomb carbon: a review of graphene. Chem Rev, 110, 132 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/cr900070d.
  20. Zhang L, Aboagye A, Kelkar A, Lai C, Fong H. A review: carbon nanofibers from electrospun polyacrylonitrile and their applications. J Mater Sci, 49, 463 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7705-y.